Longevity Records:
Life Spans of Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles, and Fish

References

Ursus arctos (Grizzly bear)

[46]Craighead, J.J., J. F. C. Craighead, and J. Sumner, 1976. Reproductive cycles and rates in the grizzly bear, Ursus arctos horribilis, of the Yellowstone ecosytem, in Bears--Their Biology and Management, M.R. Pelton, J.W. Lentfer, and G.E. Folk, Editors.
[58]Egbert, A.L. and A.W. Stokes, 1976. The social behavior of brown bears on an Alaskan salmon stream, in Bears--Their Biology and Management, M.R. Pelton, J.W. Lentfer, and G.E. Folk, Editors. International Union Conservation Nature Publ.: p. 41-56.
[91]Glenn, L.P., J.W. Lentfer, J.B. Faro, and L.H. Miller, 1976. Reproductive biology of female brown bears, Ursus arctos, McNeil River, Alaska, in Bears--Their Biology and Management, M.R. Pelton, J.W. Lentfer, and G.E. Folk, Editors. International Union Co
[145]Jonkel, C.J., 1978. Black, brown (grizzly) and polar bears, in Big Game of North America, J.L. Schmidt and D.L. Gilbert, Editors. Harrisburg: Stackpole Books: p. 227-248.
[221]Murie, A., 1981. The grizzlies of Mount McKinley. U.S. National Park Service Science Monograph 14: 251.
[237]Pearson, A.M., 1976. Population characteristics of the Arctic mountain grizzly bear, in Bears--Their Biology and Management, M.R. Pelton, J.W. Lentfer, and G.E. Folk, Editors. International Union Conservation Nature Publ.: p. 247-260.
[293]Smielowski, J., 1985. Longevity of carnivores from South America. Zool. Garten N. F. Jena 55: 177.
[304]Stroganov, S.U., 1969. Carnivorous Mammals of Siberia. Jerusalem: Israel Progr. Sci. Transl.

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