((+) indicates that individual was still alive at the time that life span was recorded)
| Order/Family | Genus/Species | Common Name | Wild | Capt. | M/F | Reference |
| Artiodactyla | ||||||
| Antilocapridae | Antilocapra americana | Pronghorn | 10.0 | x | [100] | |
| Antilocapra americana | Pronghorn | 11.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Antilocapra americana | Pronghorn | 10.0 | 12.0 | x | [192] | |
| Bovidae | Addax nasomaculatus | Addax | 19.0 | x | [100] | |
| Addax nasomaculatus | Addax | 25.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Aepyceros melampus | Impala | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Aepyceros melampus | Impala (+) | 13.0 | 17.4 | x | [134] [143] [155] | |
| Alcelaphus buselaphus | Hartebeest | 19.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Alcelaphus buselaphus | Hartebeest | 20.0 | x | [181] [292] | ||
| Ammotragus lervia | Barbary sheep | 10.0 | 20.0 | x | [100] | |
| Ammotragus lervia | Barbary sheep | 20.9 | x | [143] | ||
| Antidorcas marsupialis | Springbok | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Antidorcas marsupialis | Springbok | 19.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Antilope cervicapra | Blackbuck | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Antilope cervicapra | Blackbuck (+) | 18.0 | f | [251] | ||
| Bison bison | American bison | 33.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Bison bison | American bison | 25.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Bison bonasus | European bison | 27.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Bison spp. | Bison | 20.0 | 40.0 | x | [10] [101] [112] [167] [188] [200] | |
| Bos gaurus | Seladang | 26.2 | x | [143] | ||
| Bos grunniens | Yak | 25.0 | f | [101] | ||
| Bos taurus | Domestic cattle (+) | 20.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Boselaphus tragocamelus | Nilgai | 21.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Boselaphus tragocamelus | Nilgai | 21.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Bubalus arnee | Wild water buffalo | 25.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Bubalus depressicornis | Lowland anoa | 30.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Bubalus mindorensis | Asian water buffalo | 28.0 | x | [101] [243] | ||
| Budorcas taxicolor | Takin | 15.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Capra aegagrus | Wild goat | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Capra cylindricornis | East Caucasian tur | 22.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Capra falconeri | Markhor | 13.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Capra falconeri | Markhor | 12.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Capra hircus domesticus | Domestic goat | 20.8 | x | [21] | ||
| Capra ibex | Ibex | 22.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Capra ibex cylindricornis | East Caucasian tur | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Capra ibex ibex | Alpine ibex | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Capra ibex nubiana | Nubian ibex | 17.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Capra ibex sibirica | Asiatic ibex | 16.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Capra pyrenaica | Spanish ibex | 16.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Capricornis crispus | Serow (+) | 10.0 | x | [176] [306] [310] [335] | ||
| Capricornis sumatraensis | Serow | 21.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cephalophus monticola | Blue duiker | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cephalophus nigrifrons | Duiker | 19.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Connochaetes gnou | Black wildebeest | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Connochaetes taurinus | Brindled wildebeest | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Connochaetes taurinus | Wildebeest | 21.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Damaliscus dorcas | Sassaby | 21.4 | x | [143] | ||
| Damaliscus dorcas dorcas | Bontebok | 17.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Damaliscus dorcas phillipsi | Blesbok | 17.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Gazella dorcas | Dorcas gazelle | 12.5 | x | [100] | ||
| Gazella dorcas | Dorcas gazelle | 17.1 | x | [143] | ||
| Gazella gazella | Mountain gazelle | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Gazella leptoceros | Slender-horned gazelle | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Gazella soemmeringi | Soemmering’s gazelle | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Gazella subgutturosa | Persian gazelle | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Gazella thomsoni | Thomson’s gazelle | 10.5 | x | [100] | ||
| Hemitragus hylocrius | Nilgiri tahr | 9.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Hemitragus jayakari | Arabian tahr | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Hemitragus jemlahicus | Himalayan tahr | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Hemitragus jemlahicus | Himalayan tahr | 21.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Hippotragus equinus | Roan antelope | 17.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Hippotragus niger | Sable antelope | 17.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Hippotragus niger | Sable antelope | 19.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Kobus ellipsiprymnus | Waterbuck | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Kobus ellipsiprymnus | Waterbuck | 18.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Kobus ellipsiprymnus | Waterbuck | 18.5 | f | [299] | ||
| Kobus kob | Kob | 17.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Kobus leche | Lechwe waterbuck | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Kobus megaceros | Mrs. Gray’s waterbuck | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Litocranius walleri | Gerenuk | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Litocranius walleri | Gerenuk (+) | 8.0 | 13.0 | x | [178] [179] | |
| Madoqua (= Rhynchotragus) kirki | Kirk’s dik-dik | 10.0 | x | [52] [114] [152] | ||
| Madoqua (= Rhynchotragus) kirki | Kirk’s dik-dik | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Nemorhaedus goral | Goral | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Nemorhaedus spp. | Goral | 17.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Neotragus moschatus | Suni | 9.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Neotragus moschatus | Suni | 10.2 | x | [143] | ||
| Neotragus pygmaeus | Royal antelope | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Oreamnos americanus | Mountain goat | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Oreamnos americanus | Mountain goat | 14.0 | m | [229] | ||
| Oreamnos americanus | Mountain goat | 18.0 | f | [229] | ||
| Oreotragus oreotragus | Klipspringer | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Oreotragus oreotragus | Klipspringer | 12.1 | x | [143] | ||
| Oryx gazella | S. African oryx antelope | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Oryx spp. | Oryx | 20.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Ourebia ourebi | Oribi | 14.0 | x | [100] [161] | ||
| Ovibos moschatus | Muskox | 24.0 | x | [4] [100] | ||
| Ovis ammon | Argali | 13.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Ovis canadensis | American bighorn sheep | 24.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Ovis orientalis | Asiatic mouflon | 13.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Ovis orientalis | Urial | 6.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Ovis spp. | Sheep | 20.0 | m | [88] | ||
| Ovis spp. | Sheep | 24.0 | f | [88] | ||
| Pelea capreolus | Rhebok | 10.0 | x | [101] | ||
| Procapra gutturosa | Central Asian gazelle | 7.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Pseudois nayaur | Bharal | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Pseudois nayaur | Bharal | 24.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Pseudois spp. | Bharal | 20.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Redunca arundinum | Southern reedbuck | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Redunca fulvorufula | Mountain reedbuck | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Redunca redunca | Bohor reedbuck | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Redunca redunca | Bohor reedbuck | 18.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Rupicapra rupicapra | Chamois | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Rupricapra spp. | Chamois | 22.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Saiga tatarica | Saiga antelope | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Saiga tatarica | Saiga antelope | 12.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Sylvicapra grimmia | Gray duiker | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Sylvicapra grimmia | Gray duiker | 14.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Syncerus caffer | African buffalo | 29.5 | x | [21] | ||
| Syncerus caffer | African buffalo | 26.0 | 16.0 | x | [100] | |
| Syncerus caffer | African buffalo | 18.0 | 29.5 | x | [143] | |
| Taurotragus oryx | Eland | 23.6 | f | [311] | ||
| Tetracerus quadricornis | Four-horned antelope | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tetracerus quadricornis | Four-horned antelope | 10.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Tragelaphus angasi | Nyala | 16.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tragelaphus euryceros | Bongo | 19.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tragelaphus euryceros | Bongo | 19.4 | f | [252] | ||
| Tragelaphus imberbis | Lesser kudu (+) | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tragelaphus imberbis | Lesser kudu (+) | 10.0 | 15.0 | x | [177] [180] | |
| Tragelaphus oryx | Eland antelope | 25.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tragelaphus spekei | Sitatunga | 20.0 | x | [161] | ||
| Tragelaphus spekei | Sitatunga | 19.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tragelaphus strepsiceros | Greater kudu | 23.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tragelaphus strepsiceros | Greater kudu | 20.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Camelidae | Camelus dromedarius | Dromedary, one-humped camel | 40.0 | x | [100] | |
| Camelus ferus | Bactrian camel (+) | 35.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Camelus ferus | Bactrian, two-humped camel | 40.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Camelus spp. | Camel | 50.0 | x | [87] | ||
| Lama guanicoe | Guanaco | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Lama guanicoe | Guanaco | 28.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Lama guanicoe f. glama | Llama | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Vicugna vicugna | Vicuna | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Vicugna vicugna | Vicuna | 24.8 | x | [78] [79] [277] | ||
| Cervidae | Alces alces | Moose (+) | 16.0 | x | [100] | |
| Alces alces | Moose | 27.0 | x | [241] | ||
| Axis axis | Axis deer | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Axis axis | Axis deer | 20.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Axis porcinus | Hog deer | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Capreolus capreolus | Roe deer | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Capreolus spp. | Roe deer | 17.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Cervus elaphus | Red deer | 26.8 | x | [21] | ||
| Cervus elaphus | Red deer | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cervus elaphus | Red deer | 24.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Cervus eldi | Brow-antlered deer | 19.4 | f | [246] | ||
| Cervus (Przewalskium) albirostris | Thorold’s deer | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Dama dama | Fallow deer (+) | 20.0 | x | [72] | ||
| Dama dama | Fallow deer | 25.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Elaphurus davidianus | Pere David’s deer | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Elaphurus davidianus | Pere David’s deer | 23.3 | x | [144] | ||
| Hippocamelus antisensis | Guemals | 10.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Hydropotes inermis | Chinese water deer | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Hydropotes inermis | Chinese water deer (+) | 11.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Mazama americana | Red brocket | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Mazama americana | Red brocket | 13.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Mazama gouazoubira | Brown brocket | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Moschus spp. | Musk deer | 20.0 | x | [95] | ||
| Muntiacus muntjak | Indian muntjac (+) | 17.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Muntiacus muntjak | Indian muntjac (+) | 17.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Odocoileus virginianus | White-tailed deer | 10.0 | 16.0 | x | [100] | |
| Odocoileus virginianus | White-tailed deer | 23.0 | x | [312] | ||
| Pudu mephistopheles | Northern pudu | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Pudu pudu | Southern pudu | 12.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Pudu pudu | Southern pudu | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Rangifer tarandus | Caribou | 15.0 | 20.2 | x | [10] [16] [143] [273] | |
| Rangifer tarandus | Caribou (+) | 8.0 | m | [100] | ||
| Rangifer tarandus | Caribou (+) | 10.0 | f | [100] | ||
| Giraffidae | Giraffa camelopardalis | Giraffe | 36.3 | x | [21] | |
| Giraffa camelopardalis | Giraffe | 26.0 | f | [49] | ||
| Giraffa camelopardalis | Giraffe | 25.0 | 28.0 | x | [100] [192] | |
| Giraffa camelopardalis | Giraffe | 36.2 | x | [143] | ||
| Okapia johnstoni | Okapi (+) | 30.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Okapia johnstoni | Okapi | 33.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Okapia johnstoni | Okapi | 15.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Hippopotamidae | Choeropsis liberiensis | Pygmy hippopotamus | 42.0 | x | [100] | |
| Choeropsis liberiensis | Pygmy hippopotamus | 43.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Choeropsis liberiensis | Pygmy hippopotamus | 35.0 | 42.0 | x | [192] | |
| Hippopotamus amphibius | Hippopotamus | 54.5 | x | [21] | ||
| Hippopotamus amphibius | Hippopotamus | 50.0 | 40.0 | x | [100] | |
| Hippopotamus amphibius | Hippopotamus | 54.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Hippopotamus amphibius | Hippopotamus | 45.0 | 49.0 | x | [192] | |
| Suidae | Babyrousa babyrussa | Babirusa | 24.0 | x | [24] [54] [101] | |
| Babyrousa babyrussa | Babirusa | 24.0 | x | [100] [192] | ||
| Hylochoerus meinertzhageni | Giant forest hog | 3.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Phacochoerus aethiopicus | Wart hog | 18.8 | x | [100] | ||
| Phacochoerus aethiopicus | Wart hog | 18.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Phacochoerus aethiopicus | Wart hog | 15.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Potamochoerus porcus | Bush pig | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Potamochoerus porcus | Bush pig | 20.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Potamochoerus porcus | Bush pig | 15.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Sus salvanius | Pygmy hog | 7.5 | x | [100] | ||
| Sus salvanius | Pygmy hog | 12.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Sus scrofa | Wild boar | 21.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Sus scrofa | Wild boar | 20.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Sus verrucosus | Javan pig | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Sus verrucosus (= celebensis) | Javan pig (+) | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Sus spp. | Pig, hog, or boar | 27.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Tayassuidae | Catagonus wagneri | Chaco peccary | 1.0 | x | [100] | |
| Tayassu pecari | White-lipped peccary | 13.3 | x | [100] | ||
| Tayassu tajacu | Collared peccary | 24.7 | x | [100] | ||
| Tayassu tajacu | Collared peccary | 24.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Tayassu tajacu | Collared peccary | 10.0 | 21.0 | x | [192] | |
| Tragulidae | Hyemoschus aquaticus | Water chevrotain | 13.0 | x | [100] | |
| Hyemoschus aquaticus | Water chevrotain | 14.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Tragulus javanicus | Lesser Malay chevrotain | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tragulus napu | Larger Malay chevrotain | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tragulus napu | Larger Malay chevrotain (+) | 14.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Carnivora | ||||||
| Ailuridae | Ailurus fulgens | Lesser panda | 14.0 | x | [100] | |
| Ailurus fulgens | Lesser panda | 13.4 | x | [143] | ||
| Ailuropodidae | Ailuropoda melanoleuca | Giant panda | 26.0 | x | [21] | |
| Ailuropoda melanoleuca | Giant panda | 30.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Canidae | Alopex lagopus | Arctic fox | 10.0 | x | [100] | |
| Alopex lagopus | Arctic fox | 15.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Atelocynus microtis | Small-eared dog | 11.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Canis adustus | Side-striped jackal | 10.0 | x | [266] | ||
| Canis aureus | Golden jackal | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Canis aureus | Golden jackal | 16.0 | x | [159] [176] [216] [217] [228] [268] [321] | ||
| Canis dingo | Dingo | 14.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Canis familiaris dingo | Dingo | 14.8 | x | [101] | ||
| Canis familiaris | Domestic dog | 29.5 | x | [21] | ||
| Canis familiaris | Domestic dog | 20.0 | x | [8] [32] [100] | ||
| Canis latrans | Coyote | 14.5 | 21.8 | x | [13] [90] [143] [153] | |
| Canis latrans | Coyote | 14.5 | 18.0 | x | [192] | |
| Canis latrans | Coyote (+) | 21.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Canis latrans | Coyote (+) | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Canis lupus | Gray wolf | 10.0 | 20.0 | x | [100] | |
| Canis lupus | Gray wolf | 16.0 | 20.0 | x | [192] | |
| Canis lupus | Gray wolf | 13.7 | 16.0 | f | [201] [202] [203] [204] [205] [206] [317] [318] | |
| Canis lupus f. dingo | Dingo (+) | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Canis mesomelas | Black-backed jackal | 14.0 | x | [12] [22] [159] [215] [216] | ||
| Canis rufus | Red wolf | 14.0 | x | [37] | ||
| Canis rufus | Red wolf | 16.0 | 20.0 | x | [192] | |
| Cerdocyon thous | Crab-eating fox | 11.5 | x | [294] | ||
| Chrysocyon brachyurus | Maned wolf | 15.0 | x | [100] [192] | ||
| Chrysocyon brachyurus | Maned wolf | 13.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Cuon alpinus | Dhole | 16.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Fennecus zerda | Fennec fox | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Fennecus zerda | Fennec fox | 11.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Lycaon pictus | African hunting dog | 11.0 | x | [77] [159] [193] [275] [319] [321] | ||
| Lycaon pictus | African hunting dog | 10.0 | x | [100] [192] | ||
| Nyctereutes procyonoides | Raccoon dog | 11.0 | 7.0 | x | [100] | |
| Nyctereutes procyonoides | Raccoon dog | 10.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Otocyon megalotis | Bat-eared fox | 13.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Otocyon megalotis | Bat-eared fox (+) | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Pseudalopex gymnocercus | S. American fox | 13.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Speothos venaticus | Bush dog | 10.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Speothos venaticus | Bush dog (+) | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Urocyon cinereoargenteus | Gray fox (+) | 13.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Urocyon spp. | Gray fox | 13.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Vulpes bengalensis | Indian fox (+) | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Vulpes cana | Blanford’s fox | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Vulpes chama | Cape fox | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Vulpes macrotis | Kit fox (+) | 20.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Vulpes pallida | Pale fox | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Vulpes velox | Swift fox | 12.8 | x | [59] [156] | ||
| Vulpes velox | Swift fox | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Vulpes vulpes | Red fox | 7.0 | 15.0 | x | [1] | |
| Vulpes vulpes | Red fox | 12.0 | x | [1] | ||
| Felidae | Acinonyx jubatus | Cheetah | 19.0 | x | [57] [101] [159] | |
| Acinonyx jubatus | Cheetah | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Acinonyx jubatus | Cheetah | 12.0 | 17.0 | x | [192] | |
| Felis caracal | Caracal | 17.0 | x | [159] | ||
| Felis catus | Domestic cat | 34.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Felis (= Profelis = Puma) concolor | Cougar (+) | 20.0 | x | [47] | ||
| Felis (= Lynx) lynx | Lynx | 26.8 | x | [257] | ||
| Felis nigripes | Black-footed cat | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Felis (= Leopardus) pardalis | Ocelot | 20.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Felis (= Lynx) rufus | Bobcat | 32.3 | x | [21] | ||
| Felis (= Lynx) rufus | Bobcat | 32.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Felis (= Leptailurus) serval | Serval | 19.8 | f | [323] | ||
| Felis silvestris | Wild cat | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Felis silvestris | Wild cat | 15.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Felis silvestris | Wild cat | 15.0 | x | [159] | ||
| Felis (= Profelis) temmincki | Asian golden cat | 18.0 | x | [176] | ||
| Felis (= Leopardus) wiedii | Margay (+) | 13.0 | x | [101] | ||
| Leopardus tigrinus | Little spotted cat | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Leopardus wiedii | Margay (+) | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Leptailurus serval | Serval | 23.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Lynx (= Felis) rufus | Bobcat | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Neofelis nebulosa | Clouded leopard | 17.0 | x | [100] [101] [192] | ||
| Neofelis (= Panthera) tigris | Tiger | 18.0 | 25.0 | x | [100] | |
| Panthera leo | African lion | 30.0 | x | [101] [102] [159] [275] | ||
| Panthera leo | Lion | 29.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Panthera leo | Lion | 15.0 | 25.0 | x | [100] | |
| Panthera leo | Lion | 15.0 | 24.0 | x | [192] | |
| Panthera onca | Jaguar | 22.0 | x | [100] [101] [102] [218] | ||
| Panthera onca | Jaguar | 20.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Panthera pardus | Leopard | 12.0 | 20.0 | x | [192] | |
| Panthera pardus | Leopard (+) | 23.0 | x | [101] [102] [159] | ||
| Panthera tigris | Tiger | 26.3 | x | [21] | ||
| Panthera tigris | Tiger | 15.0 | 20.0 | x | [192] | |
| Panthera tigris | Tiger | 26.0 | 26.0 | x | [197] | |
| Panthera uncia | Snow leopard | 15.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Panthera uncia | Snow leopard | 19.0 | x | [133] | ||
| Prionailurus bengalensis | Leopard cat | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Profelis (= Caracal) caracal | Caracal (+) | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Profelis (= Puma) concolor | Mountain lion | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Uncia (= Panthera) uncia | Snow leopard | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Hyaenidae | Crocuta crocuta | Spotted hyena | 41.1 | x | [143] | |
| Crocuta crocuta | Spotted hyena | 25.0 | 40.0 | x | [192] | |
| Hyaena brunnea | Brown hyena | 12.0 | x | [211] | ||
| Hyaena brunnea | Brown hyena | 13.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Hyaena hyaena | Striped hyena | 24.0 | x | [259] [260] | ||
| Hyaena hyaena | Striped hyena | 24.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Proteles cristatus | Aardwolf | 14.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Proteles cristatus | Aardwolf | 13.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Mustelidae | Aonyx capensis | Cape clawless otter | 11.0 | x | [100] [143] | |
| Arctonyx collaris | Hog badger | 13.9 | x | [100] [143] | ||
| Conepatus chinga | Hog-nosed skunk | 6.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Conepatus leuconotus | Hog-nosed skunk | 7.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Eira barbara | Tayra | 18.0 | x | [100] [101] | ||
| Enhydra lutris | Sea otter | 23.0 | f | [271] | ||
| Enhydra lutris | Sea otter | 19.0 | m | [271] | ||
| Enhydra lutris | Sea otter | 30.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Galictis vittata | Grison | 10.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Gulo gulo | Wolverine | 17.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Gulo gulo | Wolverine | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Ictonyx striatus | Striped polecat, zorilla | 13.3 | x | [100] [143] | ||
| Lutra canadensis | Canadian otter | 21.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Lutra canadensis | River otter | 23.0 | f | [229] | ||
| Lutra lutra | Eurasian river otter | 22.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Martes americana | American marten | 17.0 | x | [100] [229] | ||
| Martes flavigula | Yellow-throated marten | 14.0 | x | [100] [176] [304] | ||
| Martes foina | Beech marten | 18.1 | x | [143] | ||
| Martes martes | European pine marten | 17.0 | x | [101] [304] | ||
| Martes martes | Pine marten | 10.0 | 15.0 | x | [100] | |
| Martes pennnti | Fisher | 10.0 | 10.0 | x | [100] [244] [245] | |
| Martes zibellina | Sable | 15.0 | x | [100] [101] [228] [304] | ||
| Meles meles | Badger | 16.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Meles meles | Old World badger | 16.2 | x | [143] | ||
| Mellivora capensis | Honey badger | 26.4 | x | [143] | ||
| Mellivora capensis | Honey badger | 26.5 | x | [100] | ||
| Melogale moschata | Ferret badger (+) | 10.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Mephitis mephitis | Striped skunk | 6.0 | 10.0 | x | [100] | |
| Mephitis spp. | Striped skunk | 12.9 | x | [143] | ||
| Mustela lutreola | European mink | 10.0 | x | [100] [228] [304] | ||
| Mustela nigripes | Black-footed ferret | 12.0 | x | [100] [117] | ||
| Mustela putorius | European polecat | 6.0 | 14.0 | x | [20] [100] [228] [304] | |
| Mustela putorius | European polecat (+) | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Mustela sibirica | Siberian weasel | 8.8 | x | [100] [143] | ||
| Mustela vison | American mink | 10.0 | x | [10] [35] [100] [132] [191] | ||
| Poecilictis libyca | N. African striped weasel (+) | 5.0 | x | [100] [268] | ||
| Poecilogale albinucha | Striped weasel | 5.2 | x | [296] | ||
| Poecilogale albinucha | Striped weasel | 5.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Pteronura brasiliensis | Giant otter | 12.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Pteronura brasiliensis | Giant otter | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Spilogale putorius | Spotted skunk | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Spilogale spp. | Spotted skunk | 9.8 | x | [60] | ||
| Taxidea taxus | American badger | 14.0 | 26.0 | x | [143] | |
| Taxidea taxus | American badger | 26.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Taxidea taxus | American badger | 14.0 | 16.0 | x | [100] | |
| Vormela peregusna | Marbled polecat | 8.9 | x | [100] [143] | ||
| Procyonidae | Bassaricyon gabbii | Olingo (+) | 24.0 | x | [100] | |
| Bassaricyon spp. | Olingo | 17.1 | x | [143] | ||
| Bassariscus astutus | Ringtail | 16.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Bassariscus astutus | Ringtail | 14.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Bassariscus sumichrasti | Cacomistle | 23.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Nasua nasua (= narica) | Coatimundi | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Nasua nasua | Coatimundi | 17.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Nasua nasua | Coatimundi | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Potos flavus | Kinkajou | 29.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Potos flavus | Kinkajou | 23.6 | x | [129] [229] | ||
| Procyon cancrivorus | Crab-eating raccoon | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Procyon lotor | Common raccoon (+) | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Procyon spp. | Common raccoon | 16.0 | 20.6 | x | [143] | |
| Ursidae | Melursus (= Ursus) ursinus | Sloth bear | 30.0 | x | [100] | |
| Tremarctos ornatus | Spectacled bear | 25.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tremarctos ornatus | Spectacled bear | 36.4 | x | [143] | ||
| Ursus (= Euarchtos) americanus | American black bear | 26.0 | f | [10] [145] [242] | ||
| Ursus (= Euarctos) americanus | American black bear | 32.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Ursus arctos | Grizzly bear | 25.0 | 50.0 | x | [46] [58] [91] [145] [221] [237] [293] [304] | |
| Ursus arctos | Grizzly bear | 30.0 | 47.0 | x | [192] | |
| Ursus malayanus | Malayan sun bear | 24.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Ursus (= Thalarctos) maritimus | Polar bear (+) | 30.0 | 38.2 | x | [51] [169] [253] [300] [316] | |
| Ursus (= Thalarctos) maritimus | Polar bear | 25.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Ursus (= Selenarctos) thibetanus | Asiatic black bear | 33.0 | x | [176] | ||
| Ursus (= Melursus) ursinus | Sloth bear | 40.0 | x | [171] [229] [307] | ||
| Ursus ursus arctos | European brown bear | 47.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Viverridae | Arctictis binturong | Binturong | 18.0 | x | [100] | |
| Arctictis binturong | Binturong | 22.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Arctogalidia trivirgata | Small-toothed palm civet | 15.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Arctogalidia trivirgata | Small-toothed palm civet | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Atilax paludinosus | Marsh mongoose | 17.4 | x | [143] | ||
| Atilax paludinosus | Marsh mongoose (+) | 17.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Bdeogale nigripes | Black-legged mongoose (+) | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Bdeogale nigripes | Black-legged mongoose | 15.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Civettictis civetta | African civet | 28.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Civettictis civetta | African civet (+) | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Crossarchus obscurus | Dark mongoose | 4.5 | x | [100] | ||
| Crossarchus spp. | Cusimanse | 9.0 | x | [93] | ||
| Cryptoprocta ferox | Fossa (+) | 20.0 | x | [2] [3] [164] [229] | ||
| Cynogale bennettii | Otter civet (+) | 5.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cynogale bennettii | Otter civet | 5.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Cynictis penicillata | Yellow mongoose (+) | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cynictis penicillata | Yellow mongoose | 15.2 | x | [143] | ||
| Fossa fossa | Malagasy civet | 11.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Fossa fossa | Malagasy civet | 11.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Galidia elegans | Malagasy ring-tailed mongoose (+) | 13.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Galidia elegans | Malagasy ring-tailed mongoose | 13.2 | x | [143] | ||
| Genetta genetta | European genet | 34.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Genetta genetta | European genet (+) | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Genetta genetta | European genet | 21.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Genetta genetta | European genet | 13.0 | f | [159] [268] [330] | ||
| Genetta tigrina | Large-spotted genet | 9.5 | x | [100] | ||
| Helogale parvula | Dwarf mongoose | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Hemigalus derbyanus | Banded palm civet (+) | 12.0 | x | [100] [143] | ||
| Herpestes ichneumon | Mongoose | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Herpestes ichneumon | Mongoose (+) | 20.0 | x | [67] [100] [159] [176] [263] | ||
| Herpestes javanicus | Javan mongoose (+) | 8.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Herpestes sanguineus | Slender mongoose | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Ichneumia albicauda | White-tailed mongoose (+) | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Ichneumia albicauda | White-tailed mongoose (+) | 10.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Mungos mungo | Banded mongoose | 12.0 | x | [322] | ||
| Mungos mungo | Banded mongoose | 11.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Nandinia binotata | African palm civet | 15.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Nandinia binotata | African palm civet (+) | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Paguma larvata | Masked palm civet | 15.4 | x | [176] [207] | ||
| Paguma larvata | Masked palm civet | 15.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Paguma larvata | Masked palm civet | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Paradoxurus hermaphroditus | Common palm civet (+) | 22.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Paradoxurus hermaphroditus | Common palm civet | 22.4 | x | [207] | ||
| Poiana richardsoni | African linsang | 5.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Poiana richardsoni | African linsang (+) | 5.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Prionodon linsang | Banded linsang (+) | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Prionodon linsang | Banded linsang | 10.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Salanoia concolor | Salano | 4.8 | x | [21] | ||
| Salanoia concolor | Salano | 4.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Suricata suricatta | Meerkat | 12.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Suricata suricatta | Meerkat (+) | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Viverra civetta | African civet | 28.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Viverra tangalunga | Tangalunga | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Viverra zibetha | Oriental civet (+) | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Viverra zibetha | Oriental civet (+) | 20.0 | x | [294] | ||
| Viverricula indica | Lesser Oriental civet | 10.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Viverricula indica | Lesser Oriental civet (+) | 8.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cetacea | ||||||
| Balaenidae | Balaena mysticetus | Bowhead whale | 40.0 | x | [10] [26] [65] [195] [226] | |
| Balaena mysticetus | Bowhead whale (+) | 30.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Balaenopteridae | Balaenoptera acutorostrata | Minke whale | 50.0 | x | [100] | |
| Balaenoptera acutorostrata | Minke whale | 47.0 | x | [105] | ||
| Balaenoptera acutorostrata | Minke whale | 45.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Balaenoptera borealis | Sei whale | 70.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Balaenoptera borealis | Sei whale | 74.0 | x | [105] | ||
| Balaenoptera edeni | Bryde’s whale | 72.0 | x | [65] [105] [185] [213] [284] | ||
| Balaenoptera musculus | Blue whale | 45.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Balaenoptera musculus | Blue whale | 50.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Balaenoptera musculus | Blue whale | 110.0 | x | [105] | ||
| Balaenoptera musculus | Blue whale | 65.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Balaenoptera physalus | Fin whale | 116.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Balaenoptera physalus | Fin whale | 114.0 | x | [105] | ||
| Megaptera novaeangliae | Humpback whale | 77.0 | x | [105] | ||
| Megaptera novaeangliae | Humpback whale | 95.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Delphinidae | Cephalorhynchus commersonii | Southern dolphin | 18.0 | x | [94] [186] | |
| Delphinus delphis | Common dolphin (+) | 20.0 | x | [175] [240] [284] | ||
| Globicephala sieboldii (= macrorhynchus) | Pilot whale | 63.0 | f | [149] | ||
| Globicephala sieboldii (= macrorhynchus) | Pilot whale | 46.0 | m | [149] | ||
| Grampus griseus | Risso’s dolphin | 20.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Lagenorhynchus acutus | Atlantic white-sided dolphin | 27.0 | f | [10] [212] [281] [284] [333] | ||
| Lagenorhynchus acutus | Atlantic white-sided dolphin | 22.0 | m | [10] [212] [281] [284] [333] | ||
| Lagenorhynchus obliquidens | Pacific white-sided dolphin | 20.0 | x | [10] [212] [281] [284] [333] | ||
| Orcinus orca | Killer whale | 90.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Orcinus orca | Killer whale | 50.0 | x | [105] | ||
| Orcinus orca | Killer whale | 100.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Peponocephala electra | Many-toothed blackfish | 47.0 | x | [31] [240] | ||
| Pseudorca crassidens | False killer whale | 22.0 | x | [240] [247] | ||
| Stenella attenuata | Spotted dolphin | 46.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Stenella coeruleoalba | Striped dolphin | 50.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Steno bredanensis | Rough-toothed dolphin | 32.0 | x | [240] | ||
| Tursiops aduncus (= truncatus) | Bottle-nosed dolphin | 35.0 | x | [212] [230] [270] [283] [285] | ||
| Tursiops truncatus | Bottle-nosed dolphin | 25.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Tursiops truncatus | Bottle-nosed dolphin (+) | 25.0 | 30.0 | x | [100] | |
| Tursiops truncatus | Bottle-nosed dolphin | 25.0 | x | [21] [212] [230] [270] [283] [285] | ||
| Eschrichtidae | Eschrichtius robustus | Gray whale | 70.0 | x | [105] | |
| Eschrichtius robustus | Gray whale | 77.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Iniidae | Inia geoffrensis | Amazon dolphin | 30.0 | 18.0 | x | [30] |
| Monodontidae | Delphinapterus leucas | White, or beluga whale | 17.3 | x | [21] | |
| Delphinapterus leucas | White, or beluga whale | 30.0 | x | [25] [27] [282] | ||
| Delphinapterus leucas | White, or beluga whale | 40.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Monodon monoceros | Narwhal | 40.0 | x | [18] [65] [192] [194] [255] [305] | ||
| Phocoenidae | Neophocaena phocaenoides | Finless porpoise | 23.0 | x | [148] [192] | |
| Phocoena phocoena | Common porpoise | 13.0 | x | [84] [85] [86] [192] [290] | ||
| Phocoenoides dalli | Dall’s porpoise | 22.0 | x | [140] [146] | ||
| Phocoenoides dalli | Dall’s porpoise (+) | 17.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Physeteridae | Kogia breviceps | Pygmy sperm whale | 17.0 | x | [192] | |
| Physeter catodon | Sperm whale | 77.0 | x | [18] [36] [80] [105] [231] [232] [256] | ||
| Physeter macrocephalus | Sperm whale (+) | 32.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Physeter macrocephalus | Sperm whale | 70.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Platanistidae | Platanista gangetica | Ganges and Indus dolphins | 28.0 | m | [147] | |
| Platanista gangetica | Ganges dolphin (+) | 28.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Platanista minor | Indus dolphin (+) | 28.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Pontoporiidae | Pontoporia blainvillei | La Plata dolphin | 16.0 | x | [30] [107] [108] [150] [192] | |
| Ziphiidae | Berardius bairdii | Baird’s beaked whale | 71.0 | x | [199] | |
| Hyperoodon ampullatus | Northern bottle-nosed whale | 37.0 | x | [14] [192] | ||
| Mesoplodon densirostris | Beaked whale | 27.0 | f | [199] | ||
| Ziphius cavirostris | Goose-beaked whale | 36.0 | x | [199] | ||
| Chiroptera | ||||||
| Hipposideridae | Hipposideros fulvus | Old World leaf-nosed bat | 12.0 | x | [313] | |
| Molossidae | Tadarida brasiliensis | Free-tailed bat (+) | 8.0 | x | [174] | |
| Noctilionidae | Noctilio leporinus | Bulldog bat | 11.5 | x | [143] | |
| Phyllostomidae | Anoura geoffroyi | Geoffroy’s long-nosed bat (+) | 10.0 | x | [143] | |
| Artibeus jamaicensis | Neotropical fruit bat (+) | 10.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Carollia perspicillata | Short-tailed leaf-nosed bat (+) | 12.4 | x | [143] | ||
| Desmodus rotundus | Common vampire bat | 19.5 | f | [187] | ||
| Glossophaga soricina | Long-tongued nector bat (+) | 10.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Macrotus californicus | 10.4 | x | [314] | |||
| Vampyrops lineatus | White-lined bat | 10.2 | x | [143] | ||
| Pteropodidae | Eidolon helvum | Straw-colored fruit bat | 21.8 | x | [143] | |
| Pteropus giganteus | Flying fox | 31.4 | x | [143] | ||
| Rousettus aegypticus. | Rousette fruit bat | 22.9 | x | [143] | ||
| Rhinolophidae | Rhinolophus ferrumequinum | Horseshoe bat (+) | 30.0 | x | [39] | |
| Rhinolophus ferrumquinum | Greater horseshoe bat | 23.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Rhinolophus hipposideros | Lesser horseshoe bat | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Vespertilionidae | Antrozous pallidus | Pallid bat | 9.1 | x | [182] | |
| Barbastella barbastellus | Barbastelle | 21.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Eptesicus fuscus | Big brown bat | 19.0 | x | [119] [278] | ||
| Eptesicus serotinus | Serotine | 6.0 | x | [83] | ||
| Lasionycteris noctivagans | Silver-haired bat | 12.0 | x | [313] | ||
| Lasiurus cinereus | Hoary bat | 2.1 | m | [313] | ||
| Miniopterus schreibersi | Schreiber’s bat | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Myotis bechsteini | Bechstein’s bat | 19.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Myotis dasyeneme | Pond bat | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Myotis daubentoni | Daubenton’s bat | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Myotis emarginatus | Geoffroy’s bat | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Myotis evotis | 2.2 | m | [313] | |||
| Myotis grisescens | Gray myotis | 16.5 | f | [313] | ||
| Myotis lucifugus | Little brown bat (+) | 30.0 | x | [151] | ||
| Myotis myotis | Greater mouse-eared bat | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Myotis mystacinus | Whiskered bat | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Myotis nattereri | Natterer’s bat | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Myotis nigricans | Black myotis | 7.0 | x | [313] | ||
| Myotis sodalis | Social bat | 13.8 | m | [313] | ||
| Myotis thysanodes | Fringed myotis | 18.3 | m | [313] | ||
| Myotis vivesi | Fish-eating bat | 10.0 | 10.0 | x | [313] | |
| Myotis volans | Long-legged myotis | 2.1 | m | [313] | ||
| Nyctalus noctula | Noctule | 8.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Nycticeius humeralis | Evening bat (+) | 5.0 | x | [328] | ||
| Pipistrellus pipistrellus | Common pipistrelle | 9.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Pipistrellus subflavus | Pipistrelle | 14.8 | x | [324] | ||
| Plecotus auritus | Common long-eared bat | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Plecotus austriacus | Gray long-eared bat | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Plecotus rafinesquii | Eastern lump-nosed bat | 10.1 | f | [314] | ||
| Plecotus townsendii | Long-eared bat | 10.0 | x | [62] | ||
| Dermoptera | ||||||
| Cynocephalidae | Cynocephallus spp. | Colugo (flying lemur) | 17.5 | x | [176] | |
| Hyraccoidea | ||||||
| Procaviidae | Dendrohyrax arboreus | Tree hyrax (+) | 10.0 | x | [100] | |
| Dendrohyrax arboreus | Tree hyrax | 12.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Dendrohyrax dorsalis | Tree hyrax | 5.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Heterohyrax brucei | Bush hyrax | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Heterohyrax spp. | Gray hyrax | 11.0 | f | [120] [121] [122] [123] [124] | ||
| Procavia capensis | Rock hyrax | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Procavia capensis | Rock hyrax | 8.5 | 11.0 | x | [123] [143] | |
| Insectivora | ||||||
| Erinaceidae | Echinosorex gymnurus | Moon rat | 4.6 | x | [100] | |
| Echinosorex gymnurus | Moon rat | 4.4 | x | [143] | ||
| Erinaceus algirus | Algerian hedgehog | 7.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Erinaceus europaeus | Hedgehog | 14.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Erinaceus europaeus | Eurasian hedgehog | 7.0 | 7.0 | x | [45] | |
| Erinaceus europaeus | West European hedgehog | 8.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Hemiechinus auritus | Long-eared desert hedgehog | 6.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Paraechinus aethiopicus | Desert hedgehog | 4.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Solenodontidae | Solenodon cubanus | Cuban solenodon | 6.0 | x | [100] | |
| Solenodon paradoxus | Haitian solenodon | 11.3 | x | [100] [229] | ||
| Soricidae | Blarina brevicauda | Short-tailed shrew | 2.5 | x | [100] | |
| Crocidura leucodon | Bicolored white-toothed shrew | 3.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Crocidura russula | Common European white-toothed shrew | 3.2 | x | [100] | ||
| Crocidura suaveolens | Lesser white-toothed shrew | 2.7 | x | [100] | ||
| Crocidura spp. | White-toothed shrew | 4.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Myosorex varius | Forest shrew | 1.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Neomys anomalus | Southern water shrew | 2.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Neomys fodiens | Eurasian water shrew | 3.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Neomys fodiens | Eurasian water shrew | 1.6 | x | [209] | ||
| Sorex alpinus | Alpine shrew | 1.3 | x | [100] | ||
| Sorex araneus | Eurasian common shrew | 2.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Sorex caecutiens | Laxmann’s shrew | 2.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Sorex fumeus | Smoky shrew | 1.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Sorex minutus | Lesser shrew | 2.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Sorex trowbridgei | Trowbridge’s shrew | 1.5 | x | [100] | ||
| Sorex vagrans | Vagrant shrew | 1.3 | x | [100] | ||
| Sorex spp. | Long-tailed shrew | 2.0 | f | [229] | ||
| Suncus etruscus | Pygmy white-toothed shrew | 2.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Suncus etruscus | Savi’s pygmy shrew | 1.3 | 2.7 | x | [100] | |
| Suncus murinus | House shrew | 2.5 | x | [100] | ||
| Suncus spp. | Musk shrew | 2.5 | x | [207] | ||
| Tupaia belangeri | Tree shrew | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tupaia glis | Tree shrew (+) | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cryptotis spp. | Small-eared shrew | 2.6 | x | [214] | ||
| Talpidae | Galemys pyrenaicus | Pyrenean desman | 4.0 | x | [100] | |
| Galemys pyrenaicus | Pyrenean desman | 3.5 | x | [258] | ||
| Parascalops breweri | Hairy-tailed mole | 4.0 | x | [105] | ||
| Parascalops breweri | Hairy-tailed mole | 5.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Scalopus aquaticus | Eastern aquatic mole | 3.0 | x | [100] [109] | ||
| Talpa europaea | European mole, common mole | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Talpa europaea | European mole | 3.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Talpa micrura | Eastern mole | 3.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tenrecidae | Echinops telfairi | Lesser Madagascar “hedgehog” | 1.2 | 13.0 | x | [100] [143] |
| Hemicentetes nigriceps | Black-headed streaked tenrec | 2.6 | x | [100] | ||
| Hemicentetes semispinosus | Streaked tenrec | 2.6 | x | [61] [63] | ||
| Hemicentetes semispinosus | Streaked tenrec | 2.7 | x | [100] | ||
| Microgale dobsoni | Dobson’s long-tailed tenrec | 5.6 | x | [64] | ||
| Microgale dobsoni | Dobson’s long-tailed tenrec | 5.6 | x | [100] | ||
| Microgale talazaci | Talazaci’s long-tailed tenrec | 5.8 | x | [64] | ||
| Microgale talazaci | Talazaci’s long-tailed tenrec | 5.8 | x | [100] | ||
| Setifer setosus | Large Madagascar “hedgehog” | 4.6 | x | [100] | ||
| Setifer setosus | Large Madagascar "hedgehog" | 10.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Tenrec ecaudatus | Tailless tenrec | 5.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tenrec ecaudatus | Tenrec | 6.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Lagomorpha | ||||||
| Leporidae | Lepus americanus | Snowshoe rabbit | 5.0 | x | [92] | |
| Lepus californicus | Black-tailed jack rabbit | 6.8 | x | [60] | ||
| Lepus europaeus | European hare | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Lepus europaeus | European hare | 7.4 | x | [143] | ||
| Lepus timidus | Mountain hare | 9.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Oryctolagus cuniculus | Old World rabbit | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Oryctolagus cuniculus | Old World rabbit | 9.0 | x | [101] | ||
| Oryctolagus cuniculus | Old World rabbit (+) | 18.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Sylvilagus floridanus | Eastern cottontail (+) | 5.0 | 9.0 | x | [280] | |
| Ochotonidae | Ochotona collaris | Collared pika | 6.0 | x | [100] | |
| Ochotona princeps | N. American pika | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Ochotona princeps | N. American pika | 7.0 | x | [192] [210] | ||
| Ochotona pusilla | Small pika | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macroscelidea | ||||||
| Macroscelididae | Elephantulus rozetti | N. African elephant shrew (+) | 3.0 | x | [100] | |
| Elephantulus rufescens | Rufous elephant shrew | 6.0 | 1.6 | x | [100] | |
| Elephantulus intufi | Long-eared elephant shrew | 8.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Elephantulus myurus | Long-eared elephant shrew | 1.1 | f | [297] | ||
| Rhynchocyon chrysopygus | Golden-rumped elephant shrew | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Marsupialia | ||||||
| Burramyidae | Acrobates pygmaeus | Pygmy gliding possum | 7.2 | x | [143] | |
| Acrobates pygmaeus | Pygmy gliding possum (+) | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Burramys parvus | Mountain pygmy possum | 4.0 | 7.0 | x | [100] [229] | |
| Cercartetus nanus | Dormouse possum | 8.0 | x | [44] | ||
| Distoechurus pennatus | Feather-tailed possum | 1.5 | x | [44] [332] [336] | ||
| Dasyuridae | Antechinomys laniger | Kultarr | 3.0 | x | [44] | |
| Antechinus flavipes | Yellow-footed marsupial mouse | 1.0 | m | [100] | ||
| Antechinus flavipes | Yellow-footed marsupial mouse | 2.0 | f | [100] | ||
| Antechinus spp. | Broad-footed marsupial mouse (+) | 3.0 | f | [44] | ||
| Antechinus spp. | Broad-footed marsupial mouse | 2.7 | m | [261] | ||
| Antechinus stuartii | Brown antechinus | 0.9 | m | [192] [261] | ||
| Antechinus stuartii | Brown antechinus | 3.0 | f | [192] [261] | ||
| Dasycercus cristicauda | Mulgara (+) | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Dasycercus cristicauda | Mulgara (+) | 6.0 | x | [304] | ||
| Dasykaluta rosamondae | 3.0 | f | [304] | |||
| Dasyuroides byrnei | Kowari | 4.0 | 6.3 | x | [143] | |
| Dasyurus albopunctatus | Quoll | 3.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Dasyurus geoffroii | Quoll | 3.0 | x | [7] | ||
| Dasyurus maculatus | Quoll | 4.0 | x | [44] | ||
| Dasyurus viverrinus | Quoll | 6.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Dasyurus viverrinus | Quoll | 5.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Ningaui timealeyi | Pilbara ningaui | 2.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Ningaui spp. | Ningaui | 2.1 | f | [229] | ||
| Parantechinus apicalis | Speckled marsupial mouse | 3.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Parantechinus bilarni | Sandstone marsupial mouse | 3.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Phascogale tapoatafa | Tuan (+) | 3.0 | m | [48] [304] | ||
| Pseudoantechinus macdonnellensis | Fat-tailed marsupial mouse (+) | 1.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Sarcophilus harrisii | Tasmanian devil | 8.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Sarcophilus harrisii | Tasmanian devil | 8.2 | x | [143] | ||
| Sarcophilus harrisii | Tasmanian devil | 7.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Sminthopsis crassicaudata | Fat-tailed dunnart | 1.5 | f | [219] | ||
| Sminthopsis crassicaudata | Fat-tailed dunnart | 1.3 | m | [219] | ||
| Sminthopsis macroura | Stripe-faced dunnart | 4.9 | x | [143] | ||
| Didelphidae | Caluromys laniger | Woolly opossum | 5.0 | x | [100] | |
| Caluromys philander | Woolly opossum | 6.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Caluromysiops irrupta | Black-shouldered opossum | 7.8 | x | [44] | ||
| Chironectes minimus | Water opossum (yapok) | 2.9 | x | [44] | ||
| Didelphis spp. | Large American opossum | 3.0 | 5.0 | x | [44] [126] [191] [280] [314] | |
| Didelphis spp. | Large American opossum | 7.0 | 2.0 | x | [100] | |
| Lutreolina crassicaudata | Thick-tailed opossum | 3.0 | x | [44] | ||
| Marmosa mexicana | Murine opossum | 7.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Marmosa spp. | Murine (mouse) opossum (+) | 1.0 | 3.0 | x | [126] | |
| Metachirus nudicaudatus | Brown "four-eyed" opossum | 4.0 | x | [126] | ||
| Monodelphis domestica | Shorttailed opossum | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Philander mcilhennyi | Black "four-eyed" opossum | 2.3 | x | [44] | ||
| Philander opossum | Gray "four-eyed" opossum | 2.3 | x | [44] | ||
| Macropodidae | Bettongia gaimardi | Short-nosed "rat"-kangaroo | 11.8 | x | [143] | |
| Caloprymnus campestris | Desert "rat"-kangaroo | 13.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Dendrolagus dorianus | Doria’s tree kangaroo | 8.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Dendrolagus goodfellow | Goodfellow’s tree kangaroo | 8.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Dendrolagus inustus | Grizzled tree kangaroo | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Dendrolagus matschiei | Matschie’s tree kangaroo | 14.0 | x | [44] | ||
| Dendrolagus matschiei | Matschie’s tree kangaroo | 8.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Dendrolagus ursinus | Black tree kangaroo | 20.2 | x | [44] | ||
| Dendrolagus ursinus | Black tree kangaroo | 8.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Dorcopsis veterum | New Guinean forest wallaby | 7.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Dorcopsis spp. | Forest wallaby (+) | 8.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Lagostrophus fasciatus | Banded hare-wallaby (+) | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macropus agilis | Agile wallaby | 10.2 | x | [44] [143] [162] | ||
| Macropus agilis | Agile wallaby (+) | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macropus antilopinus | Antilopine wallaroo | 15.9 | x | [44] [143] [162] | ||
| Macropus antilopinus | Antilopine wallaroo (+) | 16.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macropus dorsalis | Black-striped wallaby | 12.4 | x | [44] [143] [162] | ||
| Macropus dorsalis | Black-striped scrub wallaby | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macropus eugenii | Tammar wallaby | 9.8 | x | [44] [143] [162] | ||
| Macropus eugenii | Tammar wallaby | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macropus fuliginosus | Western gray kangaroo | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macropus giganteus | Eastern gray kangaroo | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macropus giganteus | Eastern gray kangaroo | 19.8 | 24.0 | x | [162] [196] | |
| Macropus parma | Parma wallaby | 8.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macropus parma | Parma wallaby | 7.0 | x | [162] [196] | ||
| Macropus parryi | Whiptail wallaby | 9.7 | x | [44] [143] [162] | ||
| Macropus parryi | Pretty-faced wallaby (+) | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macropus robustus | Wallaroo | 18.5 | 19.6 | x | [100] [162] [196] | |
| Macropus rufogriseus | Red-necked wallaby | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macropus rufogriseus | Red-necked wallaby | 18.5 | 15.2 | x | [162] [196] | |
| Macropus rufus | Red kangaroo | 30.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Macropus rufus | Red kangaroo | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macropus rufus | Red kangaroo | 22.0 | 16.3 | x | [162] [196] | |
| Onychogalea spp. | Nailtail wallaby (+) | 7.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Onychogalea spp. | Nailtail wallaby | 7.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Petrogale penicillata | Rock wallaby | 14.4 | x | [44] | ||
| Petrogale spp. | Rock wallaby | 14.4 | x | [100] | ||
| Potorous tridactyles | Potoroo | 7.3 | 12.0 | x | [103] [304] | |
| Setonix brachyurus | Quokka | 5.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Setonix brachyurus | Quokka (+) | 10.0 | 7.0 | f | [287] | |
| Setonix brachyurus | Quokka (+) | 10.0 | m | [287] | ||
| Thylogale billardierii | Tasmanian red-bellied pademelon | 8.8 | x | [44] [100] | ||
| Wallabia bicolor | Swamp wallaby | 15.0 | 12.4 | x | [44] | |
| Wallabia bicolor | Swamp wallaby (+) | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Microbiotheriidae | Dromiciops australis | Monito del monte | 2.2 | f | [248] | |
| Myrmecobiidae | Myrmecobius fasciatus | Banded anteater (+) | 5.0 | m | [303] | |
| Myrmecobius fasciatus | Banded anteater (+) | 6.0 | f | [303] | ||
| Notoryctidae | Notorytes typhlops | Marsupial mole | 1.5 | x | [100] | |
| Peramelidae | Echymipera spp. | New Guinean spiny bandicoot | 2.8 | x | [143] | |
| Isoodon macrourus | Brindled bandicoot | 3.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Isoodon macrourus | Short-nosed bandicoot | 1.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Isoodon spp. | Short-nosed bandicoot | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Isoodon spp. | Short-nosed bandicoot | 3.0 | x | [301] | ||
| Perameles gunnii | Long-nosed bandicoot | 3.0 | x | [44] | ||
| Perameles spp. | Long-nosed bandicoot | 3.0 | x | [44] | ||
| Peroryctes raffrayanus | New Guinean bandicoot | 3.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Echymipera rufescens | New Guinean spiny bandicoot | 2.9 | x | [100] | ||
| Petauridae | Dactylopsila spp. | Striped possum | 4.9 | x | [143] | |
| Dactylopsila trivirgata | Striped possum (+) | 5.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Gymnobelideus leadbeateri | Leadbeater’s possum | 9.0 | f | [295] | ||
| Gymnobelideus leadbeateri | Leadbeater’s possum | 7.5 | m | [295] | ||
| Petauroides volans | Greater gliding possum | 15.0 | x | [44] | ||
| Petauroides volans | Greater glider (+) | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Petaurus australis | Fluffy glider | 10.0 | x | [44] [143] | ||
| Petaurus australis | Fluffy glider (+) | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Petaurus breviceps | Sugar glider | 14.0 | x | [44] [143] | ||
| Petaurus breviceps | Sugar glider | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Petaurus norfolcensis | Squirrel glider | 11.9 | x | [44] [143] | ||
| Pseudocheirus peregrinus | Ring-tailed possum | 5.0 | 8.0 | x | [44] | |
| Phalangeridae | Spilocuscus maculatus | Spotted cuscus | 11.0 | x | [100] | |
| Spilocuscus spp. | Spotted cuscus (+) | 11.0 | x | [304] | ||
| Trichosurus caninus | Mountain brush-tailed possum | 17.0 | x | [304] | ||
| Trichosurus caninus | Mountain brush-tailed possum | 12.0 | m | [100] | ||
| Trichosurus caninus | Mountain brush-tailed possum | 17.0 | f | [100] | ||
| Trichosurus vulpecula | Brush-tailed possum | 13.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Trichosurus vulpecula | Brush-tailed possum | 13.0 | 14.7 | x | [143] [304] | |
| Wyulda squamicaudata | Scaly-tailed possum | 4.3 | x | [44] | ||
| Wyulda squamicaudata | Scaly-tailed possum (+) | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Phascolarctidae | Phascolarctos cinereus | Koala | 17.0 | 20.0 | x | [143] |
| Phascolarctos cinereus | Koala | 13.0 | 18.0 | x | [192] | |
| Phascolarctos cinereus | Koala (+) | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Potoroidae | Aepyprymnus rufescens | Rufous “rat”-kangaroo (+) | 6.0 | x | [100] | |
| Aepyprymnus rufescens | Rufous “rat”-kangaroo (+) | 8.0 | x | [44] | ||
| Bettongia spp. | Bettong | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Potorous spp. | Potoroo | 12.0 | 7.0 | x | [100] | |
| Pseudocheiridae | Hemibelideus lemuroides | Lemuroid ringtail possum (+) | 4.0 | x | [100] | |
| Pseudocheirus peregrinus | Common ringtail possum | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tarsipedidae | Tarsipes rostratus | Honey possum | 2.0 | x | [192] | |
| Tarsipes spenserae | Honey possum (+) | 1.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Thylacinidae | Thylacinus cynocephalus | Tasmanian wolf | 8.4 | x | [44] | |
| Thylacinus cynocephalus | Tasmanian wolf | 13.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Thylacomyidae | Macrotis lagotis | Rabbit-bandicoot | 5.0 | x | [100] | |
| Macrotis lagotis | Rabbit-bandicoot | 7.2 | x | [44] | ||
| Vombatidae | Lasiorhinus latifrons | Southern hairy-nosed wombat | 20.0 | x | [100] | |
| Lasiorhinus latifrons | Hairy-nosed wombat | 24.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Lasiorhinus latifrons | Southern hairy-nosed wombat | 18.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Vombatus ursinus | Common wombat | 26.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Vombatus ursinus | Common wombat | 26.1 | x | [44] | ||
| Vombatus ursinus | Common wombat | 5.0 | 26.0 | x | [100] [192] | |
| Monotremata | ||||||
| Ornithorhynchidae | Ornithorhynchus anatinus | Duck-billed platypus | 17.0 | x | [21] | |
| Ornithorhynchus anatinus | Duck-billed platypus | 17.0 | x | [101] | ||
| Ornithorhynchus anatinus | Duck-billed platypus | 17.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Ornithorhynchus anatinus | Duck-billed platypus | 17.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Tachyglosidae | Tachyglossus aculeatus | Short-nosed echidna (+) | 50.0 | x | [96] | |
| Tachyglossus aculeatus | Short-nosed echidna | 49.4 | x | [100] | ||
| Zaglossus bruijni | Long-nosed echidna | 30.7 | x | [96] | ||
| Zaglossus bruijni | Long-nosed echidna | 31.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Perissodactyla | ||||||
| Equidae | Equus asinus | African wild ass | 20.0 | x | [100] | |
| Equus asinus | African wild ass | 47.0 | x | [331] | ||
| Equus burchelli (= quagga) | Burchell’s zebra | 40.0 | x | [99] [160] | ||
| Equus caballus | Horse | 50.0 | x | [15] [326] [331] | ||
| Equus caballus | Horse | 62.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Equus grevyi | Grevy’s zebra | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Equus grevyi | Grevy’s zebra | 22.0 | x | [160] [163] [229] | ||
| Equus hemionus | Onager | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Equus hemionus | Onager | 38.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Equus quagga | Plains zebra (Quagga) | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Equus zebra | Mountain zebra | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Equus zebra | Mountain zebra | 24.0 | f | [239] | ||
| Rhinocerotidae | Ceratotherium simum | White rhinoceros | 36.0 | f | [98] [160] [234] [235] [297] | |
| Ceratotherium simum | White rhinoceros | 50.0 | x | [98] [160] [234] [235] [297] | ||
| Ceratotherium simum | White rhinoceros | 45.0 | x | [100] [192] | ||
| Dicerorhinus sumatrensis | Sumatran rhinoceros | 35.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Dicerorhinus sumatrensis | Sumatran rhinoceros | 32.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Dicerorhinus sumatrensis | Sumatran rhinoceros | 32.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Diceros bicornis | Black rhinoceros (+) | 45.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Diceros bicornis | Black rhinoceros | 40.0 | x | [100] [192] | ||
| Rhinoceros sondaicu | Javan rhinoceros | 40.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Rhinoceros sondaicus | Javan rhinoceros | 21.0 | x | [170] [172] | ||
| Rhinoceros unicornis | Indian rhinoceros | 49.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Rhinoceros unicornis | Indian rhinoceros | 40.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Rhinoceros unicornis | Greater Indian rhinoceros | 47.0 | x | [172] | ||
| Rhinoceros unicornis | Indian rhinoceros | 45.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Tapiridae | Tapirus indicus | Malayan tapir | 30.0 | x | [192] | |
| Tapirus terrestris | Brazilian tapir | 30.0 | x | [100] [192] | ||
| Tapirus terrestris | Brazilian tapir | 35.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Tapirus terrestris | Brazilian tapir | 35.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Pholidota | ||||||
| Manidae | Manis crassicaudata | Pangolin | 13.5 | x | [143] | |
| Manis crassicaudata | Pangolin | 13.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Pinnipedia | ||||||
| Odobenidae | Odobenus rosmarus | Walrus | 16.8 | x | [21] | |
| Odobenus rosmarus | Walrus (+) | 40.0 | x | [68] [69] [70] [192] | ||
| Odobenus rosmarus | Walrus | 40.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Odobenus rosmarus | Walrus | 40.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Otariidae | Arctocephalus galapagoensis | Southern fur seal | 22.0 | f | [42] | |
| Arctocephalus gazella | Antarctic fur seal (+) | 13.0 | m | [192] | ||
| Arctocephalus gazella | Antarctic fur seal | 23.0 | f | [192] | ||
| Arctocephalus pusillus | Southern fur seal | 18.0 | x | [157] [327] | ||
| Callorhinus ursinus | Northern fur seal | 30.0 | x | [9] | ||
| Callorhinus ursinus | Northern fur seal | 25.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Eumetopias jubatus | Northern sea lion | 23.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Eumetopias jubatus | Northern sea lion | 30.0 | f | [157] [189] [279] | ||
| Otaria byronia | S. American sea lion | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Otaria flavescens | Southern sea lion | 24.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Zalophus californianus | California sea lion | 17.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Zalophus californianus | California sea lion | 30.0 | x | [157] | ||
| Phocidae | Cystophora cristata | Hooded seal | 35.0 | x | [23] | |
| Cystophora cristata | Hooded seal | 34.0 | m | [192] | ||
| Cystophora cristata | Hooded seal (+) | 35.0 | f | [192] | ||
| Erignathus barbatus | Bearded seal | 31.0 | x | [33] [157] | ||
| Erignathus barbatus | Bearded seal | 25.0 | m | [192] | ||
| Erignathus barbatus | Bearded seal | 31.0 | f | [192] | ||
| Halichoerus grypus | Gray seal (+) | 46.0 | x | [21] [198] | ||
| Halichoerus grypus | Gray seal (+) | 40.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Halichoerus grypus | Gray seal | 31.0 | 43.0 | m | [192] | |
| Halichoerus grypus | Gray seal | 46.0 | f | [192] | ||
| Hydrurga leptonyx | Leopard seal | 26.0 | x | [100] [157] [166] [291] | ||
| Hydrurga leptonyx | Leopard seal (+) | 23.0 | m | [192] | ||
| Hydrurga leptonyx | Leopard seal (+) | 26.0 | f | [192] | ||
| Leptonychotes weddelli | Weddell seal | 21.0 | m | [192] | ||
| Leptonychotes weddelli | Weddell seal | 25.0 | f | [192] | ||
| Leptonychotes weddelli | Weddell seal | 25.0 | x | [100] [198] | ||
| Lobodon carcinophagus | Crabeater seal | 23.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Lobodon carcinophagus | Crabeater seal | 39.0 | x | [157] [165] | ||
| Lobodon carcinophagus | Crabeater seal | 36.0 | f | [192] | ||
| Lobodon carcinophagus | Crabeater seal (+) | 30.0 | m | [192] | ||
| Mirounga angustirostris | Northern elephant seal | 14.0 | 15.0 | x | [143] | |
| Mirounga angustirostris | Northern elephant seal | 14.0 | m | [192] | ||
| Mirounga angustirostris | Northern elephant seal | 14.0 | f | [192] | ||
| Mirounga leonina | Southern elephant seal | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Mirounga leonina | Southern elephant seal | 20.0 | m | [192] | ||
| Mirounga leonina | Southern elephant seal | 18.0 | f | [192] | ||
| Mirounga leonina | Southern elephant seal | 23.0 | x | [118] | ||
| Monachus monachus | Mediterranean monk seal | 23.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Monachus schauinslandi | Hawaiian monk seal | 30.0 | x | [154] [157] [192] | ||
| Ommatophoca rossi | Ross seal | 21.0 | x | [157] [254] | ||
| Ommatophoca rossi | Ross seal | 21.0 | m | [192] | ||
| Ommatophoca rossi | Ross seal | 19.0 | f | [192] | ||
| Pagophilus groenlandicus | Harp seal (+) | 30.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Phoca caspica | Caspian seal | 35.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Phoca caspica | Caspian seal | 50.0 | x | [157] | ||
| Phoca caspica | Caspian seal | 47.0 | m | [192] | ||
| Phoca caspica | Caspian seal | 50.0 | f | [192] | ||
| Phoca fasciata | Ribbon seal | 30.0 | x | [34] [157] | ||
| Phoca fasciata | Ribbon seal | 31.0 | m | [192] | ||
| Phoca fasciata | Ribbon seal | 23.0 | f | [192] | ||
| Phoca groenlandica | Harp seal (+) | 30.0 | m | [157] [264] | ||
| Phoca groenlandica | Harp seal (+) | 30.0 | f | [157] [192] [264] | ||
| Phoca groenlandica | Harp seal | 29.0 | m | [192] | ||
| Phoca hispida | Ringed seal | 46.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Phoca hispida | Ringed seal | 43.0 | m | [192] | ||
| Phoca hispida | Ringed seal | 40.0 | f | [192] | ||
| Phoca hispida | Ringed seal | 43.0 | x | [82] [157] | ||
| Phoca largha | Spotted seal | 32.0 | x | [19] [157] [198] | ||
| Phoca largha | Spotted seal | 35.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Phoca largha | Spotted seal | 29.0 | m | [192] | ||
| Phoca largha | Spotted seal | 32.0 | f | [192] | ||
| Phoca sibirica | Baikal seal | 56.0 | x | [157] [309] | ||
| Phoca sibirica | Baikal seal | 52.0 | m | [192] | ||
| Phoca sibirica | Baikal seal | 56.0 | f | [192] | ||
| Phoca vitulina | Harbor seal | 40.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Phoca vitulina | Harbor seal | 26.0 | m | [192] | ||
| Phoca vitulina | Harbor seal | 32.0 | f | [192] | ||
| Phoca vitulina | Harbor seal | 34.0 | x | [233] | ||
| Primates | ||||||
| Callimiconidae | Callimico goeldii | Goeldi’s monkey (+) | 9.0 | x | [100] | |
| Callimico goeldii | Goeldi’s monkey | 17.9 | x | [104] | ||
| Callimico goeldii | Goeldi’s monkey | 16.1 | f | [104] | ||
| Callimico goeldii | Goeldi’s monkey (+) | 15.8 | m | [104] | ||
| Callimico goeldii | Goeldi’s marmoset | 10.9 | x | [143] | ||
| Callitrichidae | Callithrix argentata | Bare-eared marmoset | 16.8 | f | [104] | |
| Callithrix argentata | Bare-eared marmoset | 8.8 | x | [104] | ||
| Callithrix humeralifer | Tassel-eared marmoset | 15.0 | x | [104] | ||
| Callithrix jacchus | Common marmoset (+) | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Callithrix jacchus | Common marmoset (+) | 16.8 | m | [104] | ||
| Callithrix jacchus | Common marmoset (+) | 15.7 | x | [104] | ||
| Callithrix jacchus | Common marmoset | 12.0 | x | [223] | ||
| Callithrix jacchus | Common marmoset | 10.0 | 16.0 | x | [229] | |
| Cebuella pygmaea | Pygmy marmoset (+) | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cebuella pygmaea | Pygmy marmoset (+) | 15.1 | f | [104] | ||
| Cebuella pygmaea | Pygmy marmoset | 11.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Leontopithecus rosalia | Golden lion marmoset (+) | 24.8 | m | [104] | ||
| Leontopithecus rosalia | Golden lion marmoset | 22.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Leontopithecus spp. | Lion tamarin (+) | 15.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Saguinus fuscicollis | Saddle-back tamarin | 24.5 | f | [104] | ||
| Saguinus fuscicollis | Saddle-back tamarin | 20.4 | f | [104] | ||
| Saguinus imperator | Long-tusked tamarin | 20.2 | m | [104] | ||
| Saguinus imperator | Long-tusked tamarin | 13.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Saguinus imperator | Long-tusked tamarin (+) | 17.9 | x | [143] | ||
| Saguinus nigricollis | Black and red tamarin (+) | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Saguinus nigricollis | Black and red tamarin | 15.2 | f | [104] | ||
| Saguinus nigricollis | Black and red tamarin | 11.1 | x | [104] | ||
| Saguinus oedipus | Cotton top tamarin (+) | 23.1 | m | [104] | ||
| Saguinus oedipus | Cotton top tamarin (+) | 23.0 | x | [104] | ||
| Saguinus tamarin | 13.2 | f | [104] | |||
| Saguinus tamarin | 15.4 | m | [104] | |||
| Cebidae | Alouatta caraya | Black and gold howler | 20.3 | [104] | ||
| Alouatta caraya | Black and gold howler | 20.0 | [104] | |||
| Alouatta palliata | Mantled howler (+) | 20.0 | x | [38] [81] [100] [269] | ||
| Alouatta palliata | Mantled howler (+) | 25.0 | [104] | |||
| Alouatta seniculus | Red howler | 25.0 | [269] | |||
| Alouatta villosa | Guatemalan howler (+) | 20.0 | x | [125] | ||
| Aotus spp. | Night monkey | 18.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Aotus trivirgatus | Night/owl monkey | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Aotus trivirgatus | Night/owl monkey | 25.3 | [104] | |||
| Aotus trivirgatus | Night/owl monkey | 19.3 | [104] | |||
| Aotus trivirgatus | Night/owl monkey | 18.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Aotus trivirgatus | Night/owl monkey | 20.0 | [269] | |||
| Ateles belzebuth | White-bellied spider monkey | 28.0 | [104] | |||
| Ateles belzebuth | White-bellied spider monkey | 26.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Ateles belzebuth | White-bellied spider monkey | 26.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Ateles fusciceps | Brown-headed spider monkey | 21.5 | [104] | |||
| Ateles fusciceps | Brown-headed spider monkey | 24.0 | [269] | |||
| Ateles paniscus | Black spider monkey (+) | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Ateles paniscus | Black spider monkey (+) | 37.8 | f | [104] | ||
| Ateles paniscus | Black spider monkey (+) | 34.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Ateles spp. | Spider monkey | 33.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Cacajao calvus | Bald uakari (+) | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cacajao calvus | Bald uakari | 22.3 | f | [104] | ||
| Cacajao calvus | Bald uakari (+) | 19.9 | x | [104] | ||
| Cacajao calvus | Bald uakari (+) | 20.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Cacajao melanocephalus | Black-headed uakari (+) | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cacajao melanocephalus | Black-headed uakari (+) | 18.0 | x | [104] | ||
| Cacajao (calvus) rubicundus | Bald uakari (+) | 27.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Cacajao (calvus) rubicundus | Bald uakari (+) | 23.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Callicebus moloch | Dusky titi (+) | 25.3 | m | [104] | ||
| Callicebus moloch | Dusky titi (+) | 20.3 | f | [104] | ||
| Callicebus moloch | Dusky titi | 12.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Cebus albifrons | White-fronted capuchin (+) | 40.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cebus albifrons | White-fronted capuchin (+) | 44.0 | x | [104] | ||
| Cebus albifrons | White-fronted capuchin | 40.5 | f | [104] | ||
| Cebus albifrons | White-fronted capuchin | 25.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Cebus apella | Brown capuchin (+) | 40.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cebus apella | Brown capuchin | 45.1 | m | [104] | ||
| Cebus apella | Brown capuchin | 41.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Cebus apella | Capuchin | 44.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Cebus capucinus | White-faced capuchin | 47.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cebus capucinus | White-faced capuchin | 54.8 | m | [104] | ||
| Cebus capucinus | White-faced capuchin | 46.9 | m | [104] [143] | ||
| Cebus capucinus | White-faced capuchin (+) | 40.0 | x | [142] | ||
| Cebus nigrivittatus | Weeper capuchin (+) | 30.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cebus nigrivittatus | Weeper capuchin (+) | 41.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Chiropotes albinasus | White-nosed saki (+) | 17.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Chiropotes albinasus | White-nosed saki (+) | 11.7 | f | [104] | ||
| Chiropotes satanas | Bearded saki (+) | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Chiropotes satanas | Bearded saki | 15.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Chiropotes satanas | Bearded saki | 12.7 | m | [104] | ||
| Chiropotes satanas | Bearded saki | 15.0 | x | [223] | ||
| Lagothrix lagotricha | Woolly monkey | 25.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Lagothrix lagotricha | Woolly monkey | 30.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Lagothrix lagotricha | Woolly monkey | 25.9 | x | [104] | ||
| Lagothrix lagotricha | Woolly monkey | 24.8 | m | [143] | ||
| Pithecia aequatorialis | Saki | 14.9 | x | [143] | ||
| Pithecia monachus | Red-bearded saki (+) | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Pithecia monachus | Red-bearded saki | 24.6 | f | [104] | ||
| Pithecia pithecia | White-faced saki (+) | 14.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Pithecia pithecia | White-faced saki (+) | 20.7 | m | [104] | ||
| Pithecia pithecia | White-faced saki (+) | 18.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Pithecia pithecia | White-faced saki (+) | 18.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Saimiri sciureus | Common squirrel monkey | 21.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Saimiri sciureus | Common squirrel monkey | 27.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Saimiri sciureus | Common squirrel monkey | 22.7 | m | [104] | ||
| Saimiri sciureus | Common squirrel monkey | 21.0 | x | [223] | ||
| Saimiri spp. | Squirrel monkey (+) | 15.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Cercopithecidae | Allenopithecus nigroviridis | Allen’s monkey (+) | 23.0 | x | [100] | |
| Cercocebus (= Lophocebus) aterrimus | Black mangabey | 26.8 | m | [104] | ||
| Cercocebus albigena | Gray-cheeked mangabey | 21.0 | x | [110] | ||
| Cercocebus albigena | Gray-cheeked mangabey | 32.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Cercocebus atys | Sooty mangabey | 26.8 | m | [104] | ||
| Cercocebus atys | Sooty mangabey | 18.0 | x | [110] | ||
| Cercocebus galeritus | Tana River mangabey (+) | 21.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Cercocebus galeritus | Tana River mangabey | 19.0 | x | [269] | ||
| Cercocebus torquatus | Collared mangabey (+) | 30.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cercocebus torquatus | Collared mangabey (+) | 14.7 | f | [104] | ||
| Cercocebus torquatus | Collared mangabey | 20.5 | x | [110] | ||
| Cercocebus torquatus | Collared mangabey (+) | 27.0 | x | [269] | ||
| Cercopithecus (= Chlorocebus) aethiops | Vervet (+) | 30.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cercopithecus (= Chlorocebus) aethiops | Vervet (+) | 23.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus (= Chlorocebus) aethiops | Vervet (+) | 31.6 | m | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus (= Chlorocebus) aethiops | Vervet | 31.0 | x | [110] | ||
| Cercopithecus ascanius | Red-tailed guenon | 28.3 | f | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus ascanius | Red-tailed guenon | 25.9 | f | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus campbelli | Campbell’s guenon (+) | 25.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus campbelli | Guenon (+) | 33.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Cercopithecus cephus | Mustached guenon (+) | 23.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus cephus | Mustached guenon (+) | 23.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus diana | Diana monkey | 19.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cercopithecus diana | Diana monkey | 37.3 | f | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus diana | Diana monkey (+) | 30.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus diana | Diana monkey | 34.8 | x | [110] | ||
| Cercopithecus diana | Diana monkey | 34.8 | x | [142] | ||
| Cercopithecus hamlyni | Owl-faced monkey | 27.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus l'hoesti | L’hoest’s monkey (+) | 16.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cercopithecus mitis | Blue monkey (+) | 27.1 | f | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus mitis | Blue monkey (+) | 25.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus mona | Mona monkey (+) | 30.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cercopithecus mona | Mona monkey (+) | 20.5 | f | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus mona | Mona monkey | 22.0 | x | [269] | ||
| Cercopithecus neglectus | De Brazza’s monkey | 26.3 | f | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus neglectus | De Brazza’s monkey | 23.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus nictitans | Greater spot-nosed monkey | 23.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus nictitans | Greater spot-nosed monkey | 18.9 | m | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus petaurista | Lesser spot-nosed guenon (+) | 19.0 | x | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus petaurista | Lesser spot-nosed guenon (+) | 16.7 | f | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus pogonias | Crowned guenon | 24.1 | f | [104] | ||
| Cercopithecus pogonias | Crowned guenon | 18.5 | f | [104] | ||
| Colobus guereza | Guereza | 24.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Colobus guereza | Guereza | 24.5 | m | [104] | ||
| Colobus guereza | Guereza | 23.8 | f | [104] | ||
| Colobus polykomos | Western black and white colobus (+) | 27.5 | x | [115] | ||
| Colobus polykomos | Western black and white colobus (+) | 23.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Colobus polykomos | Western black and white colobus | 24.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Colobus polykomos | Western black and white colobus | 26.0 | x | [110] | ||
| Colobus polykomos | Western black and white colobus | 30.5 | x | [269] | ||
| Erythrocebus patas | Patas monkey (+) | 21.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Erythrocebus patas | Patas monkey | 23.9 | f | [104] | ||
| Erythrocebus patas | Patas monkey | 21.7 | f | [104] | ||
| Erythrocebus patas | Patas monkey | 21.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Macaca arctoides | Stump-tailed macaque (+) | 24.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Macaca arctoides | Stump-tailed macaque (+) | 20.1 | f | [104] | ||
| Macaca arctoides | Stump-tailed macaque (+) | 30.0 | x | [110] | ||
| Macaca fascicularis | Crab-eating monkey | 38.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macaca fascicularis | Crab-eating monkey | 25.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Macaca fascicularis | Crab-eating macaque | 37.1 | x | [143] | ||
| Macaca fuscata | Japanese macaque | 32.0 | f | [71] | ||
| Macaca fuscata | Japanese macaque | 27.0 | m | [71] | ||
| Macaca fuscata | Japanese macaque (+) | 30.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macaca fuscata | Japanese macaque | 33.0 | x | [104] | ||
| Macaca fuscata | Japanese macaque (+) | 22.7 | f | [104] | ||
| Macaca mulatta | Rhesus macaque (+) | 30.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macaca mulatta | Rhesus macaque (+) | 26.0 | x | [104] | ||
| Macaca mulatta | Rhesus macaque (+) | 23.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Macaca mulatta | Rhesus macaque | 36.0 | x | [104] | ||
| Macaca mulatta | Rhesus macaque | 35.0 | x | [104] | ||
| Macaca nemestrina | Pig-tailed macaque (+) | 30.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macaca nemestrina | Pig-tailed macaque (+) | 34.3 | x | [104] | ||
| Macaca nemestrina | Pig-tailed macaque | 27.1 | m | [104] | ||
| Macaca radiata | Bonnet macaque (+) | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macaca silenus | Lion-tailed macaque (+) | 30.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macaca silenus | Lion-tailed macaque | 40.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Macaca silenus | Lion-tailed macaque | 38.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Macaca sinica | Toque macaque | 35.0 | x | [76] | ||
| Macaca sinica | Toque macaque | 29.3 | x | [104] | ||
| Macaca sinica | Toque macaque | 30.0 | x | [269] | ||
| Macaca sylvanus | Barbary ape (+) | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Macaca sylvanus | Barbary ape (+) | 17.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Macaca sylvanus | Barbary ape | 22.0 | x | [269] | ||
| Mandrillus leucophaeus | Drill | 33.4 | f | [104] | ||
| Mandrillus leucophaeus | Drill | 28.4 | x | [104] | ||
| Mandrillus leucophaeus | Drill | 28.6 | x | [110] | ||
| Mandrillus sphinx | Mandrill | 46.0 | x | [100] [116] | ||
| Mandrillus sphinx | Mandrill | 31.7 | f | [104] | ||
| Miopithecus talapoin | Talapoin | 27.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Miopithecus talapoin | Talapoin | 28.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Miopithecus talapoin | Dwarf guenon (Talapoin) | 30.9 | m | [104] | ||
| Miopithecus talapoin | Dwarf guenon (Talapoin) (+) | 23.1 | m | [104] | ||
| Miopithecus talapoin | Dwarf guenon (Talapoin) | 27.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Nasalis larvatus | Proboscis monkey | 13.6 | x | [97] | ||
| Nasalis larvatus | Proboscis monkey | 21.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Nasalis larvatus | Proboscis monkey (+) | 20.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Papio anubis | Olive baboon | 25.2 | m | [104] | ||
| Papio cynocephalus | Yellow baboon | 45.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Papio cynocephalus | Yellow baboon (+) | 35.1 | f | [104] | ||
| Papio cynocephalus | Yellow baboon | 27.7 | x | [104] | ||
| Papio cynocephalus | Yellow baboon | 40.0 | x | [269] | ||
| Papio hamadryas | Hamadryas baboon (+) | 37.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Papio hamadryas | Hamadryas baboon | 37.5 | m | [104] [229] | ||
| Papio hamadryas | Hamadryas baboon | 35.6 | x | [104] [143] | ||
| Papio hamadryas | Hamadryas baboon | 28.8 | x | [104] | ||
| Papio papio | Guinea baboon | 27.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Papio papio | Guinea baboon | 25.8 | x | [104] | ||
| Papio papio | Guinea baboon | 40.0 | x | [269] | ||
| Papio ursinus | Chacma baboon (+) | 31.2 | f | [104] | ||
| Papio ursinus | Chacma baboon | 27.6 | x | [104] | ||
| Papio ursinus | Chacma baboon | 45.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Presbytis (= Trachypithecus) obscura | Spectacled leaf monkey(+) | 25.0 | x | [104] | ||
| Presbytis (= Trachypithecus) obscura | Spectacled leaf monkey(+) | 15.3 | f | [104] | ||
| Presbytis (= Trachypithecus) cristata | Silvered langur | 31.1 | f | [104] | ||
| Presbytis (= Trachypithecus) cristata | Silvered langur | 18.8 | m | [104] | ||
| Presbytis (= Semnopithecus) entellus | Hanuman langur (+) | 25.0 | f | [100] [104] | ||
| Presbytis (= Semnopithecus) entellus | Hanuman langur (+) | 24.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Semnopithecus (= Presbytis) entellus | Hanuman langur (+) | 25.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Presbytis melalophos | Mitered leaf monkey | 16.0 | x | [104] | ||
| Presbytis senex (= Trachypithecus vetulus) | Purple-faced leaf monkey (+) | 23.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Pygathrix nemaeus | Red-shanked douc langur (+) | 25.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Pygathrix nemaeus | Red-shanked douc langur (+) | 21.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Theropithecus gelada | Gelada (+) | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Theropithecus gelada | Gelada (+) | 28.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Theropithecus gelada | Gelada (+) | 27.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Theropithecus gelada | Gelada (+) | 20.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Trachypithecus spp. | Leaf monkey | 23.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Cheirogaleidae | Cheirogaleus major | Greater dwarf lemur | 15.0 | x | [192] | |
| Cheirogaleus major | Greater dwarf lemur | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cheirogaleus major | Greater dwarf lemur | 10.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Cheirogaleus major | Greater dwarf lemur | 8.7 | x | [104] | ||
| Cheirogaleus medius | Fat-tailed dwarf lemur | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cheirogaleus medius | Fat-tailed dwarf lemur | 19.3 | m | [104] | ||
| Cheirogaleus medius | Fat-tailed dwarf lemur | 17.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Cheirogaleus medius | Fat-tailed dwarf lemur | 18.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Cheirogaleus spp. | Dwarf lemur (+) | 8.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Microcebus murinus | Gray lesser mouse lemur | 14.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Microcebus rufus | Brown lesser mouse lemur | 12.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Mirza coquereli | Coquerel’s dwarf lemur | 15.3 | x | [104] [143] | ||
| Daubentoniidae | Daubentonia madagascariensis | Aye-aye | 23.3 | x | [143] | |
| Daubentonia madagascariensis | Aye-aye (+) | 23.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Daubentonia madagascariensis | Aye-aye | 24.3 | x | [104] | ||
| Daubentonia madagascariensis | Aye-aye (+) | 5.4 | f | [104] | ||
| Hominidae | Homo sapiens | Human (+) | 116.0 | x | [21] | |
| Homo sapiens | Human (+) | 100.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Homo sapiens | Human | 122.5 | f | [5] | ||
| Hylobatidae | Hylobates agilis | Agile gibbon | 25.0 | x | [100] | |
| Hylobates agilis | Agile gibbon (+) | 44.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Hylobates agilis | Agile gibbon (+) | 28.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Hylobates concolor | Concolor gibbon | 44.1 | x | [104] | ||
| Hylobates concolor | Concolor gibbon (+) | 25.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Hylobates lar | Lar gibbon | 31.5 | x | [142] | ||
| Hylobates lar | Lar gibbon | 25.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Hylobates lar | Lar gibbon (+) | 40.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Hylobates lar | Lar gibbon (+) | 40.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Hylobates moloch muelleri | Gray gibbon | 25.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Hylobates moloch muelleri | Gray gibbon (+) | 29.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Hylobates moloch muelleri | Gray gibbon (+) | 25.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Hylobates pileatus | Capped gibbon | 25.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Hylobates pileatus | Capped gibbon | 36.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Hylobates pileatus | Capped gibbon (+) | 31.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Hylobates pileatus x H. agilis | Gibbon hybrid | 37.9 | f | [104] | ||
| Hylobates pileatus x H. agilis | Gibbon hybrid | 34.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Hylobates syndactylus | Siamang | 25.0 | 19.9 | x | [41] [100] | |
| Hylobates syndactylus | Siamang (+) | 38.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Hylobates syndactylus | Siamang | 37.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Hylobates syndactylus | Siamang | 30.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Indriidae | Propithecus verreauxi | Sifaka | 18.2 | x | [143] | |
| Propithecus verreauxi | Verreaux’s sifaka (+) | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Propithecus verreauxi | Verreaux’s sifaka (+) | 20.6 | m | [104] | ||
| Propithecus verreauxi | Verreaux’s sifaka (+) | 18.2 | f | [104] | ||
| Lemuridae | Eulemur macaco X (Petterus fulvus) | Captive hybrid lemur | 39.0 | x | [143] | |
| Hapalemur griseus | Gentle lemur | 12.8 | m | [100] [104] [143] | ||
| Hapalemur griseus | Gray gentle lemur (+) | 17.1 | f | [104] | ||
| Hapalemur simus | Broad-nosed gentle lemur | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Lemur fulvus | Brown lemur | 37.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Lemur fulvus | Brown lemur | 36.5 | f | [104] | ||
| Lemur fulvus | Brown lemur | 30.8 | x | [142] | ||
| Lemur catta | Ring-tailed lemur (+) | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Lemur catta | Ring-tailed lemur (+) | 30.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Lemur catta | Ring-tailed lemur (+) | 26.0 | x | [104] | ||
| Lemur catta | Ring-tailed lemur | 27.1 | x | [110] | ||
| Lemur coronatus | Crowned lemur | 18.4 | x | [104] | ||
| Lemur macaco | Black lemur | 30.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Lemur macaco | Black lemur | 28.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Lemur macaco | Black lemur | 27.1 | x | [104] | ||
| Lemur macaco | Black lemur | 27.1 | f | [223] | ||
| Lemur mongoz | Mongoose lemur | 30.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Lemur mongoz | Mongoose lemur (+) | 27.9 | m | [104] | ||
| Lemur mongoz | Mongoose lemur | 24.3 | x | [104] | ||
| Microcebus coquerrel | Coquerel’s mouse lemur | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Microcebus murinus | Lesser mouse lemur | 15.5 | m | [104] | ||
| Microcebus murinus | Lesser mouse lemur (+) | 14.0 | m | [100] [104] | ||
| Phaner furcifer | Fork-marked lemur | 12.0 | x | [104] | ||
| Varecia variegata | Ruffed lemur | 19.0 | x | [100] [229] | ||
| Varecia variegata | Ruffed lemur | 28.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Varecia variegata | Ruffed lemur (+) | 32.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Lorisidae | Arctocebus calabarensis | Golden potto | 12.2 | x | [104] | |
| Arctocebus calabarensis | Golden potto | 9.5 | x | [110] | ||
| Arctocebus calabarensis | Golden potto | 13.0 | x | [100] [143] | ||
| Galago alleni | Allen’s bush baby | 12.0 | x | [100] [192] | ||
| Galago crassicaudatus | Greater galago | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Galago crassicaudatus | Greater galago | 18.8 | m | [104] | ||
| Galago crassicaudatus | Greater galago | 14.0 | x | [223] | ||
| Galago demidovii | Dwarf bush baby | 9.4 | x | [104] | ||
| Galago demidovii | Dwarf bush baby | 9.2 | f | [104] | ||
| Galago demidovii | Dwarf bush baby | 14.0 | x | [110] | ||
| Galago demidovii | Dwarf bush baby | 12.0 | x | [100] [192] | ||
| Galago elegantulus | Needle-clawed bush baby | 15.0 | x | [100] [192] | ||
| Galago senegalensis | Galago (+) | 17.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Galago senegalensis | Senegal bush baby | 16.5 | x | [104] [143] | ||
| Galago senegalensis | Lesser bush baby | 14.0 | x | [100] [192] | ||
| Galagoides alleni | Dwarf galago (+) | 8.0 | x | [40] [320] | ||
| Loris tardigradus | Slender loris | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Loris tardigradus | Slender loris (+) | 14.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Loris tardigradus | Slender loris | 16.4 | m | [104] | ||
| Loris tardigradus | Slender loris | 12.4 | x | [143] [229] | ||
| Nycticebus coucang | Slow loris | 20.0 | f | [100] [104] | ||
| Nycticebus coucang | Slow loris | 26.5 | f | [104] | ||
| Nycticebus spp | Slow loris | 14.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Otolemur garnettii | Greater bush baby (+) | 14.0 | x | [55] [131] [160] [224] [297] [320] | ||
| Otolemur garnettii | Greater bush baby (+) | 15.7 | m | [104] | ||
| Otolemur garnettii | Greater bush baby | 15.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Perodicticus potto | Potto (+) | 22.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Perodicticus potto | Potto | 26.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Perodicticus potto | Potto | 22.0 | m | [143] | ||
| Perodicticus potto | Potto | 15.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Megaladapidae | Lepilemur mustilinus | Sportive lemur | 12.0 | x | [100] | |
| Lepilemur spp. | Sportive lemur | 8.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Pongidae | Gorilla gorilla | Gorilla | 50.0 | 54.0 | x | [21] [104] [229] |
| Gorilla gorilla | Gorilla (+) | 47.0 | 40.0 | x | [100] | |
| Gorilla gorilla | Gorilla | 47.0 | f | [104] | ||
| Gorilla gorilla | Gorilla (+) | 39.3 | x | [142] | ||
| Gorilla gorilla gorilla | Lowland gorilla | 36.0 | x | [141] | ||
| Pan paniscus | Pygmy chimpanzee (+) | 20.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Pan paniscus | Pygmy chimpanzee (+) | 48.0 | f | [236] | ||
| Pan paniscus | Pygmy chimpanzee (+) | 35.0 | m | [236] | ||
| Pan troglodytes | Chimpanzee | 51.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Pan troglodytes | Chimpanzee (+) | 50.0 | 40.0 | x | [100] | |
| Pan troglodytes | Chimpanzee | 56.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Pan troglodytes | Chimpanzee | 59.4 | f | [104] | ||
| Pan troglodytes | Chimpanzee (+) | 44.5 | x | [142] | ||
| Pan troglodytes | Chimpanzee | 60.0 | 53.0 | x | [143] | |
| Pan troglodytes | Common chimpanzee | 45.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Pongo pygmaeus | Orangutan | 59.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Pongo pygmaeus | Orangutan | 35.0 | 50.0 | x | [100] [192] | |
| Pongo pygmaeus | Orangutan | 59.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Pongo pygmaeus | Orangutan | 58.8 | m | [104] | ||
| Pongo pygmaeus | Orangutan | 57.3 | f | [104] | ||
| Tarsiidae | Tarsius bancanus | Western tarsier | 8.0 | x | [100] [192] | |
| Tarsius spectrum | Spectral tarsier | 12.0 | x | [110] | ||
| Tarsius syrichta | Philippine tarsier (+) | 13.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tarsius syrichta | Tarsier | 13.4 | x | [143] | ||
| Tarsius syrichta | Philippine tarsier | 12.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Tarsius syrichta | Philippine tarsier | 13.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tarsius syrichta | Philippine tarsier | 15.0 | m | [104] | ||
| Tarsius syrichta | Philippine tarsier | 13.5 | m | [104] | ||
| Proboscidea | ||||||
| Elephantidae | Elephas maximus | Asiatic elephant | 78.0 | x | [21] | |
| Elephas maximus | Asian elephant | 40.0 | 69.0 | x | [100] | |
| Elephas maximus | Asian elephant | 60.0 | 80.0 | x | [192] | |
| Elephas maximus | Asiatic elephant | 77.0 | x | [288] | ||
| Elephas maximus | Asiatic elephant | 70.0 | x | [160] [173] [220] [296] | ||
| Loxodonta africana | African elephant | 70.0 | x | [21] [100] | ||
| Loxodonta africana | African elephant | 60.0 | 80.0 | x | [192] | |
| Rodentia | ||||||
| Abrocomidae | Abrocoma bennetti | Chinchilla-rat | 2.3 | x | [143] | |
| Anomaluridae | Pedetes capensis | Springhare | 13.0 | x | [100] | |
| Pedetes capensis | Springhare | 14.5 | x | [192] | ||
| Aplodontidae | Aplodontia rufa | Mountain beaver | 6.0 | x | [100] | |
| Aplodontia rufa | Mountain beaver | 6.0 | x | [190] | ||
| Aplodontia rufa | Mountain beaver | 10.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Bathyergidae | Cryptomys spp. | Common mole-rat | 2.4 | x | [143] | |
| Georychus capensis | Cape mole-rat | 3.0 | x | [308] | ||
| Heliophobius argenteocinereus | Silvery mole-rat (+) | 3.1 | f | [136] | ||
| Heterocephalus glaber | Naked mole-rat | 5.0 | x | [100] [135] [137] [138] [139] | ||
| Heterocephalus glaber | Naked mole-rat | 10.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Capromyidae | Capromys pilorides | Cuban hutia | 11.3 | x | [143] | |
| Geocapromys (= Capromys) brownii | Brown’s hutia | 8.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Geocapromys (= Capromys) ingrahami | Bahamian hutia (+) | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Plagiodontia aedium | Hispaniolan hutia | 9.9 | x | [143] | ||
| Castoridae | Castor spp. | Beaver | 24.0 | x | [29] | |
| Castor canadensis | American beaver (+) | 15.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Castor fiber | European beaver | 17.0 | 25.0 | x | [100] | |
| Caviidae | Cavia apera f. porcellus | Domestic guinea pig | 5.0 | 10.0 | x | [100] |
| Cavia porcellus | Guinea pig | 14.8 | x | [21] | ||
| Cavia spp. | Guinea pig | 8.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Dolichotis patagonum | Patagonian cavy | 14.0 | x | [101] | ||
| Galea musteloides | Yellow-toothed cavy | 1.3 | 1.8 | x | [168] [265] [329] | |
| Galea spixii | Yellow-toothed cavy | 4.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Kerodon rupestris | Rock cavy | 11.0 | x | [262] | ||
| Chinchillidae | Chinchilla chinchilla boliviana | Short-tailed chinchilla | 10.0 | x | [100] | |
| Chinchilla lanigera | Chinchilla | 11.3 | x | [21] | ||
| Chinchilla lanigera | Long-tailed chinchilla | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Chinchilla spp. | Chinchilla (+) | 10.0 | 20.0 | x | [229] [329] | |
| Lagidium peruanum | Mountain viscacha | 19.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Lagostomus maximus | Plains viscacha | 9.4 | x | [229] | ||
| Lagostomus maximus | Viscacha (+) | 9.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Ctenodactylidae | Ctenodactylus spp. | Gundi | 5.0 | x | [100] | |
| Ctenodactylus vali | Gundi | 5.0 | f | [89] | ||
| Pectinator spekei | Speke’s pectinator | 4.0 | f | [89] | ||
| Pectinator spekei | Speke’s gundi | 10.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Ctenomyidae | Ctenomys talarum | Tuco-tuco | 3.0 | x | [329] | |
| Ctenomys spp. | Tuco-tuco | 3.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Dasyproctidae | Agouti paca | Paca (+) | 16.0 | x | [43] [229] | |
| Dasyprocta leporina | Agouti | 17.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Dasyprocta punctata | Central American agouti (+) | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Myoprocta spp. | Acouchi | 10.2 | x | [143] | ||
| Myoprocta acouchy | Acouchi (+) | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Dinomyidae | Dinomys branickii | Pacarana | 9.4 | x | [143] | |
| Dinomys branickii | Pacarana (+) | 9.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Dipodidae | Allactaga euphratica | Four- and five-toed jerboa | 4.2 | x | [143] | |
| Echimyidae | Kannabateomys amblyonyx | Rato de Taquara | 1.6 | x | [143] | |
| Makalata armata | 3.1 | x | [143] | |||
| Proechimys guyannensis | Spiny rat | 1.7 | 3.5 | x | [66] | |
| Proechimys semispinosus | Spiny rat | 2.0 | 4.8 | x | [143] | |
| Erethizontidae | Coendou prehensilis | Prehensile-tailed porcupine | 17.3 | x | [143] | |
| Coendou prehensilis | Prehensile-tailed porcupine (+) | 17.0 | 9.0 | x | [100] | |
| Erethizon dorsatum | N. American porcupine | 18.0 | x | [56] | ||
| Erethizon dorsatum | N. American porcupine | 17.0 | x | [100] [192] | ||
| Geomyidae | Cratogeomys castanops | Mexican pocket gopher | 2.6 | m | [298] | |
| Cratogeomys castanops | Mexican pocket gopher | 4.7 | f | [298] | ||
| Geomys bursarius | Eastern pocket gopher | 7.2 | x | [143] | ||
| Geomys spp. | Eastern pocket gopher | 4.0 | 7.0 | x | [100] | |
| Pappogeomys spp. | Yellow and cinnamon pocket gopher | 1.1 | f | [100] | ||
| Pappogeomys spp. | Yellow and cinnamon pocket gopher | 0.6 | m | [100] | ||
| Thomomys spp | Western pocket gopher | 5.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Thomomys spp. | Western pocket gopher | 4.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Thomomys talpoides | Pocket gopher | 1.6 | x | [21] | ||
| Gliridae | Dryomys nitedula | Forest dormouse (+) | 4.0 | x | [100] | |
| Eliomys quercinus | Garden dormouse | 5.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Glis glis | Edible dormouse | 9.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Glis glis | Fat dormouse | 8.7 | x | [229] | ||
| Graphiurus murinus | African dormouse | 5.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Muscardinus avellanarius | Common dormouse | 4.0 | 6.0 | x | [45] [100] | |
| Heteromyidae | Chaetodipus fallax | Coarse-haired pocket mouse | 8.3 | x | [143] | |
| Dipodomys ordii | Kangaroo rat | 9.8 | x | [299] | ||
| Dipodomys spp. | Kangaroo rat | 9.8 | x | [100] | ||
| Liomys adspersus | Spiny pocket mouse (+) | 1.5 | x | [74] [75] | ||
| Liomys spp. | Spiny pocket mouse | 1.5 | x | [100] | ||
| Microdipodops megacephalus | Kangaroo mouse | 5.4 | x | [60] | ||
| Perognathus formosus | Hibernating pocket mouse | 5.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Perognathus longimembris | Silky pocket mouse | 8.3 | x | [113] | ||
| Perognathus spp. | Pocket mouse | 8.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Hydrochaeridae | Hydrochaerus hydrochaeris | Capybara | 12.0 | x | [101] | |
| Hydrochaerus hydrochaeris | Capybara | 10.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Hydrochaerus hydrochaeris | Capybara | 12.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Hydrochaerus hydrochaeris | Capybara | 10.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Hystricidae | Atherurus africanus | Brush-tailed porcupine | 22.9 | x | [100] [299] | |
| Hystrix brachyura | Old World porcupine | 27.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Hystrix pumila | Old World porcupine | 9.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Hystrix spp. | Porcupine (+) | 20.0 | 15.0 | x | [100] | |
| Thecurus (= Hystrix) pumilis | Indonesian porcupine | 9.5 | x | [100] | ||
| Trichys fasciculata | Long-tailed porcupine | 10.1 | x | [100] [299] | ||
| Muridae | Acomys cahirinus | Spiny mouse | 5.0 | x | [101] [106] [158] [267] | |
| Acomys spp. | Spiny mouse | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Apodemus agrarius | Striped field mouse | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Apodemus flavicollis | Yellow-necked mouse | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Apodemus sylvaticus | Wood mouse | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Apodemus sylvaticus | Old World wood and field mouse | 1.0 | 4.4 | x | [143] | |
| Arvicanthis spp. | Unstriped grass mouse | 7.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Arvicanthis spp. | Unstriped grass mouse | 6.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Arvicola richardsoni | Richardson’s water vole | 1.5 | x | [100] | ||
| Arvicola sapidus | Southwestern water vole | 2.5 | 3.5 | x | [100] | |
| Arvicola terrestris | Water vole | 2.5 | 3.5 | x | [100] | |
| Arvicola terrestris | Water vole | 5.0 | x | [45] | ||
| Baiomys taylori | Pygmy mouse | 3.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Baiomys taylori | Northern pygmy mouse | 3.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Berylmys bowersi | White-toothed rat | 2.9 | x | [207] | ||
| Cannomys badius | Lesser bamboo rat | 3.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Cannomys spp. | Bamboo rat | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Chiropodomys spp. | Pencil-tailed tree mouse | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Chiropodomys spp. | Pencil-tailed tree mouse | 2.0 | 3.6 | x | [207] [222] | |
| Clethrionomys glareolus | Red-backed mouse | 4.9 | x | [143] | ||
| Colomys goslingi | African water rat | 3.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cricetomys spp. | African giant pounched rat | 7.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Cricetomys spp. | African giant pouched rat (+) | 7.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cricetus cricetus | Common hamster | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Cricetus cricetus | Common hamster | 2.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Delanymys brooksi | Delany’s swamp mouse | 2.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Dendromus spp. | African climbing mouse | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Dendromus mesomelas | African climbing mouse | 3.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Dicrostonyx torquatus | Arctic lemming | 3.8 | x | [100] | ||
| Dicrostonyx spp. | Collared lemming | 3.3 | x | [10] | ||
| Eligmodontia typus | Highland desert mouse | 0.8 | x | [238] | ||
| Eothenomys smithi | Pere David’s vole | 3.5 | x | [6] | ||
| Gerbillus pyramidum | Greater Egyptian gerbil (+) | 8.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Gerbillus pyramidum | Greater Egyptian gerbil | 8.2 | x | [143] | ||
| Grammomys dolichurus | 4.4 | x | [143] | |||
| Hybomys spp. | Back-striped mouse | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Lemmus lemmus | Norway lemming | 2.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Lemmus spp. | True lemming | 2.0 | x | [10] [101] [111] | ||
| Lemniscomys striatus | Striped grass mouse | 2.5 | f | [229] | ||
| Lenothrix canus | Gray tree rat | 3.8 | x | [207] | ||
| Leopoldamys spp. | Long-tailed giant rat | 2.0 | x | [100] [207] | ||
| Lophiomys imhausi | Crested rat | 7.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Lophiomys imhausi | Crested rat | 1.5 | x | [100] | ||
| Lophuromys spp. | Brush-furred mouse | 2.0 | x | [159] | ||
| Mastomys spp. | Multimammate mouse | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Meriones crassus | Jird | 5.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Meriones unguiculatus | Mongolian gerbil (+) | 2.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Mesembriomys gouldii | Tree rat | 3.9 | x | [143] | ||
| Mesocricetus auratus | Golden hamster | 10.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Mesocricetus auratus | Golden hamster | 3.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Mesocricetus auratus | Golden hamster | 3.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Micromys minutus | Harvest mouse | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Micromys minutus | Old World harvest mouse | 1.5 | 5.0 | x | [229] | |
| Microtus agrestis | Field vole | 1.6 | 3.3 | x | [100] | |
| Microtus arvalis | Common vole | 3.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Microtus guentheri | Vole | 3.9 | x | [143] | ||
| Microtus oeconomus | Root vole | 1.4 | 1.8 | x | [100] | |
| Microtus pinetorum | Pine vole | 2.8 | x | [100] | ||
| Millardia gleadowi | Asian soft-furred rat | 4.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Millardia spp. | Asian soft-furred rat | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Mus minutoides | Mouse | 3.1 | x | [17] [28] [191] | ||
| Mus musculus | House mouse | 6.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Mus musculus | Mouse | 6.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Myopus schisticolor | Wood lemming | 1.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Mystromys albicaudatus | White-tailed rat | 6.0 | x | [50] | ||
| Mystromys albicaudatus | White-tailed rat | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Nannospalax spp. | Mediterranean blind mole-rat | 4.5 | x | [274] | ||
| Neotoma albigula | Wood rat | 7.7 | x | [143] | ||
| Neotoma floridana | Eastern woodrat | 3.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Notomys alexis | Australian hopping mouse | 5.2 | x | [143] | ||
| Notomys spp. | Australian hopping mouse | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Nyctomys sumichrasti | Vesper rat | 5.2 | x | [143] | ||
| Ochrotomys nuttalli | Golden mouse | 8.4 | f | [229] | ||
| Ondatra zibethicus | Muskrat | 3.0 | 10.0 | x | [229] | |
| Ondatra zibethicus | Muskrat | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Onychomys leucogaster | Northern grasshopper mouse (+) | 5.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Onychomys torridus | Grasshopper mouse | 4.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Oxymycterus rutilans | Burrowing mouse | 2.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Pachyuromys duprasi | Fat-tailed gerbil | 4.4 | x | [100] | ||
| Pachyuromys duprasi | Fat-tailed gerbil | 4.4 | x | [143] | ||
| Peromyscus maniculatus | Deer mouse | 8.3 | x | [10] | ||
| Phloeomys spp. | Slender-tailed cloud rat | 13.6 | x | [276] | ||
| Phodopus sungorus | Striped hairy-footed hamster | 3.2 | x | [143] | ||
| Phodopus sungorus | Striped hairy-footed hamster (+) | 3.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Pithecheir spp. | Monkey-footed rat | 3.0 | x | [183] | ||
| Platacanthomys lasiurus | Spiny dormouse | 1.7 | f | [250] | ||
| Pogonomys macrourus | Prehensile-tailed rat | 2.4 | x | [143] | ||
| Praomys tullbergi | African soft-furred rat | 5.2 | x | [143] | ||
| Pseudomys spp. | Australian native mouse | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Pseudomys australis | Australian native mouse | 5.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Rattus rattus | Rat | 4.2 | x | [207] | ||
| Reithrodon physodes | Coney rat | 5.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Reithrodontomys spp. | American harvest mouse | 1.5 | x | [73] | ||
| Rhabdomys pumilio | Four-striped grass mouse | 2.9 | x | [143] | ||
| Rhizomys spp. | Bamboo rat | 4.0 | x | [176] | ||
| Rhizomys spp. | Bamboo rat | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Rhombomys opimus | Great gerbil | 4.0 | f | [225] [263] | ||
| Rhombomys opimus | Great gerbil | 3.0 | m | [225] [263] | ||
| Saccostomus campestris | African pouched rat | 2.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Saccostomus spp. | African pouched rat | 3.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Sekeetamys calurus | Bushy-tailed jird | 5.4 | x | [100] | ||
| Sekeetamys calurus | Bushy-tailed jird | 5.4 | x | [143] | ||
| Sigmodon hispidus | Cotton rat | 5.2 | x | [143] | ||
| Sundamys muelleri | Giant sunda rat (+) | 0.5 | 2.0 | x | [207] | |
| Synaptomys cooperi | Southern bog lemming (+) | 2.5 | x | [100] | ||
| Synaptomys spp. | Bog lemming | 2.4 | f | [184] | ||
| Tachyoryctes spp. | African mole-rat | 3.1 | x | [249] | ||
| Tatera indica | Indian gerbil | 7.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tatera indica | Large naked-soled gerbil | 7.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Thallomys paedulcus | Acacia rat | 3.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Tylomys nudicaudus | Climbing rat | 5.4 | x | [143] | ||
| Myocastoridae | Myocastor coypus | Nutria | 10.0 | x | [186] | |
| Myocastor coypus | Nutria (+) | 6.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Myocastor coypus | Nutria | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Octodontidae | Octodon degus | Degus | 7.1 | x | [143] | |
| Octodontomys gliroides | Bori (+) | 7.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Octodontomys gliroides | Chozchoz | 7.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Spalacopus cyanus | Coruro | 5.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Spalacopus cyanus | Coruro | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Pedetidae | Pedetes capensis | Springhare | 13.8 | x | [143] | |
| Sciuridae | Ammospermophilus leucurus | Antelope ground squirrel | 5.8 | x | [143] | |
| Atlantoxerus getulus | Barbary ground squirrel (+) | 9.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Atlantoxerus getulus | Barbary ground squirrel | 5.6 | x | [143] | ||
| Callosciurus erythraeus | Beautiful squirrel | 16.1 | x | [143] | ||
| Callosciurus notatus | Plantain squirrel | 9.6 | x | [100] | ||
| Cynomys ludovicianus | Prairie dog | 8.5 | x | [35] [100] | ||
| Dremomys lokriah | Red-cheeked squirrel | 7.1 | x | [143] | ||
| Eutamias (= Tamias) ruficaudus | Western American chipmunk | 8.0 | x | [11] | ||
| Funisciurus congicus | African striped squirrel | 9.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Glaucomys sabrinus | Northern flying squirrel | 13.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Glaucomys volans | Southern flying squirrel (+) | 12.0 | x | [100] [143] | ||
| Heliosciurus rufobrachium | Sun squirrel | 8.9 | x | [143] | ||
| Marmota bobak | Bobak’s marmot | 15.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Marmota marmota | Alpine marmot | 18.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Marmota marmota | Alpine marmot | 15.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Menetes berdmorei | Berdmore’s palm squirrel | 4.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Petaurista petaurista | Giant flying squirrel | 16.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Protoxerus stangeri | Oil palm squirrel | 5.1 | x | [143] | ||
| Pteromys volans | Siberian flying squirrel | 3.8 | x | [21] | ||
| Sciurus carolinensis | Eastern gray squirrel | 23.5 | x | [21] | ||
| Sciurus carolinensis | Eastern gray squirrel (+) | 23.6 | 12.0 | x | [100] | |
| Sciurus carolinensis | Eastern gray squirrel | 12.5 | 23.5 | x | [143] | |
| Sciurus vulgaris | Eurasian red squirrel | 12.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Spermophilus spp. | Ground squirrel (+) | 11.0 | f | [286] | ||
| Tamias striatus | Eastern American chipmunk | 3.0 | 8.0 | x | [92] [100] | |
| Tamiasciurus spp. | Red squirrel | 7.0 | 10.0 | x | [10] [100] [272] | |
| Trogopterus xanthipes | Complex-toothed flying squirrel | 12.0 | x | [325] | ||
| Xerus erythropus | Western ground squirrel | 6.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Xerus inauris | African ground squirrel (+) | 6.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Spalacidae | Spalax spp. | Blind mole-rat (+) | 4.0 | x | [100] | |
| Thryonomyidae | Thryonomys swinderianus | Cane rat | 4.3 | x | [21] | |
| Thryonomys swinderianus | Cane rat | 4.3 | x | [143] | ||
| Zapodidae | Napaeozapus insignis | Woodland jumping mouse | 4.0 | x | [229] | |
| Sicista betulina | Northern birch mouse | 3.5 | x | [100] | ||
| Sicista spp. | Birch mouse | 3.3 | x | [130] | ||
| Zapus hudsonius | Jumping mouse | 5.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Scandentia | ||||||
| Tupaiidae | Ptilocercus lowii | Pen-tailed tree shrew | 2.7 | x | [176] | |
| Tupaia glis | Tree shrew | 12.4 | x | [143] | ||
| Urogale everetti | Philippine tree shrew | 11.5 | x | [143] | ||
| Sirenia | ||||||
| Dugongidae | Dugong dugon | Dugong (+) | 55.0 | x | [192] | |
| Dugong dugon | Dugong | 70.0 | 10.0 | x | [128] [227] | |
| Dugong dugon | Dugong | 55.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Trichechidae | Trichechus inunguis | Amazonian manatee | 12.5 | x | [127] | |
| Trichechus inunguis | Amazonian manatee (+) | 30.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Trichechus manatus | Caribbean manatee | 30.0 | x | [21] | ||
| Trichechus manatus | Caribbean manatee (+) | 30.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Trichechus manatus | Caribbean manatee | 28.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Tubulidentata | ||||||
| Orycteropodidae | Orycteropus afer | Aardvark | 23.0 | x | [21] | |
| Orycteropus afer | Aardvark | 23.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Orycteropus afer | Aardvark | 10.0 | x | [192] | ||
| Orycteropus afer | Aardvark | 24.0 | m | [289] | ||
| Orycteropus afer | Aardvark | 18.0 | f | [289] | ||
| Xenarthra (= Edentata) | ||||||
| Bradypodidae | Bradypus torquatus | Maned sloth | 12.0 | x | [100] | |
| Dasypodidae | Calyptophraetus (= Chlamyphorus) retuses | Burmeister’s armadillo | 12.0 | x | [21] | |
| Chaetophractus villosus | Larger hairy armadillo | 19.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Chaetophractus villosus | Hairy armadillo (+) | 20.0 | x | [229] | ||
| Dasypus novemcinctus | Common long-nosed armadillo | 15.0 | x | [100] [334] | ||
| Euphractus sexcinctus | Six-banded armadillo | 18.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Priodontes maximus | Giant armadillo (+) | 4.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Priodontes maximus | Giant armadillo | 15.0 | x | [208] | ||
| Tolypeutes spp. | Three-banded armadillo | 15.0 | x | [208] | ||
| Zaedyus pichiy | Pichi | 9.0 | x | [143] | ||
| Megalonychidae | Choloepus didactylus | Linne’s two-toed sloth (+) | 27.8 | x | [143] | |
| Choloepus hoffmanni | Hoffmann’s two-toed sloth (+) | 32.1 | x | [143] | ||
| Myrmecophagidae | Cyclopes didactylus | Silky anteater | 2.3 | x | [208] | |
| Myrmecophaga tridactyla | Giant anteater | 26.0 | x | [100] [192] | ||
| Myrmecophaga tridactyla | Giant anteater | 25.8 | x | [143] | ||
| Tamandua tetradactyla | Southern tamandua (+) | 9.0 | x | [100] | ||
| Tamandua mexicana | Northern tamandua | 9.5 | x | [192] | ||
| Tamandua spp. | Tamandua | 9.5 | x | [143] | ||
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